Using a free thoracodorsal artery perforator flap for phallic reconstruction – A report of surgical technique

Lin, Cheng Ta; Chen, Lee Wei

doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2008.01.016

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although other flaps have been proposed in recent years including the latissimus dorsi flap, 9 thoracodorsal perforator flap, 10 and anterolateral thigh flap, 11 the radial forearm flap remains the flap of choice for phalloplasty. The initial tube-in-a-tube design by Chang and Hwang 3 has undergone numerous modifications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifications of the Radial Forearm Flap Phalloplasty for Female-to-Male Gender Reassignment

Song

Wong

et al. 2010

J reconstr Microsurg

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The radial forearm flap remains the preferred technique for phalloplasty. From 1999 to 2009, 19 patients with primary female transsexualism underwent gender reassignment surgery at our center. The radial forearm flap phalloplasty is modified as a two-stage procedure, with prelamination of the neourethra on the donor forearm before microsurgical transfer 3 months later. At 5-year follow-up, patients were asked to complete a survey on the functional, aesthetic, and psychological results postsurgery. The radial forearm flap reliably provided sufficient bulk with stiffness for the neophallus with acceptable aesthetic appearance. We further describe technical modifications to reduce the rate of urethral strictures and fistulas. None of the patients regretted undergoing gender transformation. Patients are satisfied with the surgical result and generally prepared to accept its potential costs, in view of the significant psychological and legal benefits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifications of the Radial Forearm Flap Phalloplasty for Female-to-Male Gender Reassignment

Song

Wong

et al. 2010

J reconstr Microsurg

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“…The males outnumbered females in our study 11,12,13,14 group and contributed for 84% of the cases. This nding goes well with other study groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Management of Acquired Soft Tissue Defects of Groin and Genitalia

Sharma

Samad

Dogra

et al. 2020

IJAR

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Background: The defects of the groin and the genitalia are complex and pose a challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. These defects may arise out of a variety of insults which include – extirpative oncologic surgeries, necrotizing fasciitis, post burn defects, post traumatic defects including road traffic accidents and animal bites etc. Objectives: To study the epidemiology of the acquired soft tissue defects of the groin and genitalia. To evaluate the role of various reconstructive modalities for the acquired soft tissue defects of groin and genitalia. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College Jammu, J&K, India and included 25 patients admitted with acquired soft-tissue defects of groin and genitalia over a period extending from November 2018 to October 2019 (Prospective study). Personal and demographic data of the patient was noted. A detailed history regarding the cause of the defect along with history of trauma, discharge and bleed from the site was taken. Any past history of surgery and irradiation of the region was noted. The patients having soft tissue defects of the groin and genitalia secondary to the release of post burn contracture were subjected to the detailed history as regards cause of burn, treatment taken and time taken for burn wounds to heal. Examination included general physical examination along with the local wound condition which included site, size, discharge, slough, granulation tissue and any exposed vital structures such as vessels/ nerves. A hemogram, assessment of blood sugar, renal function (blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine), coagulation profile, blood grouping, viral markers, chest x-ray and ECG were done as a part of routine pre-operative investigations. Wound swab was sent for culture. Biopsy was taken wherever required. Analysis of report of any previously taken biopsy was done. Split thickness skin grafting was the modality of coverage utilized in 56% cases followed by flap coverage in 32% cases. 12% of the defects were closed primarily. Results: Majority of the patients had durable coverage of the defects of groin/genitalia and the coverage modality was acceptable to the patient as regards aesthesis and functional outcome. No major complication was encountered in any of the patients. Conclusion: The reconstruction of the soft tissue defects of groin and genitalia need a meticulous examination and planning of reconstructive modality which may include skin grafting or a flap coverage.

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“…The LTD free flap is another option for phalloplasty. 1,[32][33][34][35] The LTD flap allows for a favorable aesthetic donor site while providing enough tissue for reconstruction and prosthetic placement for successful intercourse. The flap is elevated in a plane between the latissimus and serratus anterior muscles.…”

Section: Latissimus Dorsi Flapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free Tissue Transfer Penile Reconstruction

Kropp

Cohn

Wang

et al. 2019

Seminars in Plastic Surgery

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Phalloplasty can be a challenging plastic surgery procedure associated with complications and unsatisfactory results. Phalloplasty has become an important procedure in the setting of trauma, partial or complete excision of the penis, and gender affirmation. Advances in microsurgery has expanded penile reconstruction through free tissue transfer techniques which include the radial forearm free flap, fibular osteocutaneous flap, anterolateral thigh flap, latissimus dorsi flap, scapular flap, and abdominal flaps. Each procedure has advantages and disadvantages; most of the procedures achieve adequate cosmetic results with high patient satisfaction. Most of the surgical complications are related to the reconstruction of the urethra or creating rigidity for intercourse. The main goals of reconstruction are to create a cosmetically appealing phallus with satisfactory sexual function.

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Using a free thoracodorsal artery perforator flap for phallic reconstruction – A report of surgical technique

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Modifications of the Radial Forearm Flap Phalloplasty for Female-to-Male Gender Reassignment

Modifications of the Radial Forearm Flap Phalloplasty for Female-to-Male Gender Reassignment

Management of Acquired Soft Tissue Defects of Groin and Genitalia

Free Tissue Transfer Penile Reconstruction

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