Using a black phosphorus saturable absorber to generate dual wavelengths in a Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser

Abstract

Using a few-layer black phosphorus (BP) thin film that acts as a saturable absorber (SA) in an ytterbium-doped fiber laser setup, we experimentally demonstrated a passively dualwavelength Q-switching laser operation. The setup also incorporated a D-shaped polished fiber as a wavelength selective filter. As the SA was used in the ring cavity, a dual-wavelength Q-switch produced consistent outputs at 1038.68 and 1042.05 nm. A maximum pulse energy of 2.09 nJ with a shortest pulse width of 1.16 µs was measured for the achieved pulses. In addition, the repetition rate increased from 52.52 to 58.73 kHz with the increment of the pump level. Throughout the measurement process, the results were obtained consistently and this demonstrates that the BP film is a very good candidate to produce Q-switching pulses for the 1 micron region.

Ultra-stable pulse generation in ytterbium-doped fiber laser based on black phosphorus

“…Since the rst BP-based SA (BP-SA) deposited around a microber was proposed, 15 there has been much progress in the eld of BP-based pulse laser generation. [16][17][18][19][20][21] BP-SA can be manufactured via liquid phase exfoliation technology 14 or the mechanical exfoliation method. 22 Zhang et al reported few-layer selenium-doped black phosphorus with high quality and low cost in 2017.…”

Dual-Wavelength Passively Mode-Locked Yb-Doped Fiber Laser Based on a SnSe2-PVA Saturable Absorber

“…The stability of other three kinds of fundamental frequency pulses were similarly tested, and similar phenomena were observed. The mode-locked pulses could not exist if the SA was removed from the laser cavity and only Table 1 demonstrated the parameters of dual-wavelength (or multi-wavelength) passively Q-switched and mode-locked fiber lasers based on various 2D materials SAs, such as graphene [32], [45], SWNTs (single-walled carbon nanotubes) [33], [44], TMO (transition metal oxide) [34]- [36], BP (black phosphorus) [37], LMDCs [28], [38], [40] and TI (topological insulator) [39], [41]- [43], etc. Obviously, compared with other 2D materials SAs, there were narrow pulse width, high slope efficiency and low threshold in our experimental results.…”

All-optical modulation with 2D layered materials: status and prospects

“…The pulse duration was 1.18 μs with pulse energy of 7.7 μJ, and the repetition rate was 63 kHz. In addition, fiber lasers based on black phosphorus operating in the near-infrared range have been demonstrated extensively as well [104][105][106][107][108]. What's more, TMD-based saturable absorber can also work below the bandgap, possibly due to the subbandgap absorption from crystallographic defect [109] and edge sates [110], which extends their working wavelength to the infrared range [67,[111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118].…”