Using 3D‐bioprinting scaffold loaded with adipose‐derived stem cells to burns wound healing

Abstract

Three dimensional (3D) printing has recently expanded in popularity and has become an effective approach for tissue engineering. Advances in tissue engineering have increased the effectiveness of cell-based therapies. Indeed, the ultimate goal of such treatment is the development of conditions similar to fetal wound regeneration. In this context, technology of 3D printing also allows researchers to more effectively compose multi-material and cell-laden scaffolds with less effort. In this study, we explored a synthetic gel scaffold derived from 3D bioprinter with or without stem cells to accelerate wound healing and skin defects. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated and seeded into 3D bioprinter derived-gel scaffold. Morphological and cell adherence properties of 3D scaffold were assessed by hemotoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining and scanning electron microscopy and cell viability was determined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. In vivo assessment of the scaffold was done using H&E staining in the full-thickness burn rat model. The experimental groups included; (a) untreated (control), (b) 3D bioprinter derived-gel scaffold (Trial 1), and (c) 3D bioprinter derived-gel scaffold loaded with ADSC (Trial 2). Our results represented 3D bioprinter derived-gel scaffold with or without ADSCs accelerated wound contraction and healing compared to control groups. Epithelization was completed until 21 days after operation in scaffold alone. In scaffold with ADSCs group, epithelization was faster and formed a multi-layered epidermis with the onset of cornification. In conclusion, 3D bioprinter derived-gel scaffold with or without ADSCs has the potential to be used as a wound graft material in skin regenerative medicine.

Innovative Treatment Strategies to Accelerate Wound Healing: Trajectory and Recent Advancements

“…In recent years, MSCs-derived exosomes, which is source of various growth factors and cytokines proved to be a promising newer stem cell-based strategy for accelerating the wound healing process by promoting cell migration and proliferation, angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, and activating several signaling pathways (such as Wnt/β-catenin, AKT, ERK, and STAT3) [ 169 , 174 ]. Adipose-derived MSCs are also very commonly utilized in wound healing applications due to its high accessibility, minimal invasiveness, and lack of ethical limitations [ 156 , 175 ]. Recently, exosomes that were derived from adipose-derived MSCs have shown accelerated wound healing with a significant increase in the wound closure rate by attenuating the inflammation phase [ 176 , 177 ].…”

The 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds for Wound Healing

“…The material was arranged layerby-layer with and without the addition of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The burn wound healing results of employing cellularised materials were far more effective than acellularised treatments [235]. Meanwhile, it was reported that an autologous homologous adipose tissue, prepared employing 3D bioprinting, successfully accelerated diabetic wound healing with complete wound closure and re-epithelialisation within four weeks [236].…”

Recent Advances in Bioengineered Scaffolds for Cutaneous Wound Healing

“…They demonstrated that tuning the physical and biochemical cues of scaffolds could synergistically direct MSC differentiation into multiple cell lineages, which coordinately promoted sweat gland regeneration. Similarly, Roshangar et al reported a 3D bioprinted gel scaffold from collagen and alginate with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for burn wound healing ( Roshangar et al, 2021 ). The scaffold increased cell adhesion and proliferation.…”