2013
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.02.024
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Uses of alternative fuels and raw materials in the cement industry as sustainable waste management options

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Cited by 256 publications
(97 citation statements)
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“…These can either be incorporated into material production as raw materials or used as alternative fuel sources, displacing current carbon-intensive sources. Significant opportunities exist for waste utilisation to reduce the carbon intensity of production processes for cement, concrete, asphalt, brick and blockwork [51].…”
Section: Substitution In the Production Of Common Materialsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These can either be incorporated into material production as raw materials or used as alternative fuel sources, displacing current carbon-intensive sources. Significant opportunities exist for waste utilisation to reduce the carbon intensity of production processes for cement, concrete, asphalt, brick and blockwork [51].…”
Section: Substitution In the Production Of Common Materialsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, a significant amount of slag is sent to landfills every year, and using steel slag in cement may reduce the amount of slag that is wasted. In addition, using steel slag may reduce energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and the consumption of natural raw materials [10]. The composition of steel slag is also an important reason why it is a promising raw material substitute for cement manufacturing.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(1): (1) …where i refers to the heavy metal species; and K and S are the heavy metal concentrations in the clinkers and raw mixtures, respectively. The calculated results are shown in Table 2.…”
Section: Effects Of Mss On Heavy Metalmentioning
confidence: 99%