Uses, Knowledge, and Management of the Threatened Pepper-Bark Tree (Warburgia salutaris) in Southern Mozambique

Senkoro, Annae M.; Shackleton, Charlie M.; Voeks, Robert A.; Ribeiro, Ana Isabel

doi:10.1007/s12231-019-09468-x

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Asterisks indicate individuals with a probably of membership lower than 90% to the main genetic cluster, as revealed by STRU CTU RE. www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Due to the heavy harvesting pressure to which W. salutaris is subjected in Mozambique 28,48 , genetic diversity levels were expected to be low. However, we found high levels of genetic diversity in the three surveyed areas in comparison to other narrowly distributed species, as for instance, the tropical tree Paypayrola blanchetiana (Na: 2-5 alleles per locus; Ho: 0.063-0.563 in the two populations; He: 0.063-0.567 in the first population and 0.063-0.627 in the second) 39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Family Canellaceae) is one of the most widely used and traded medicinal plants in southern Africa 47 . This slow growing species is part of an early diverging group of basal angiosperms, thought to be native to eastern and southern Africa 48 . However, subsequent studies confined the distribution of W. salutaris to only a sub-region of southern Africa, i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…South Africa 21,49 , Eswatini (previously known as Swaziland) 24,50 , Zimbabwe 29,[51][52][53] , Malawi 54 and Mozambique 55 . This species is commonly used to treat several ailments such as common colds, throat and mouth sores, or coughs 47,48 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…As a result, populations of W. salutaris in Mozambique are currently restricted to fragmented patches in the Lebombo Mountains, Tembe River and Futi Corridor (Fig. 1) 48 . According to the Red List classification for Mozambique, this species is considered Vulnerable VU A2 cd 58 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…According to the Red List classification for Mozambique, this species is considered Vulnerable VU A2 cd 58 . Despite this critical situation, only a few studies on the populations dynamics of W. salutaris are available; of the 60 research and review papers available in the Web of Science on W. salutaris on 05 February 2020, only seven addressed this topic 21,24,48,[61][62][63] while the vast majority are focused on the medicinal applications of this species. Nevertheless, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) have been used to solve genetic relationships between W. ugandensis, W. salutaris and W. stuhlmanni showing a high degree of genetic variation among individuals within populations as well as between populations 62 .…”

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The genetic legacy of fragmentation and overexploitation in the threatened medicinal African pepper-bark tree, Warburgia salutaris

Senkoro

Talhinhas

Simões

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The pepper-bark tree (Warburgia salutaris) is one of the most highly valued medicinal plant species worldwide. Native to southern Africa, this species has been extensively harvested for the bark, which is widely used in traditional health practices. Illegal harvesting coupled with habitat degradation has contributed to fragmentation of populations and a severe decline in its distribution. Even though the species is included in the IUCN Red List as Endangered, genetic data that would help conservation efforts and future re-introductions are absent. We therefore developed new molecular markers to understand patterns of genetic diversity, structure, and gene flow of W. salutaris in one of its most important areas of occurrence (Mozambique). In this study, we have shown that, despite fragmentation and overexploitation, this species maintains a relatively high level of genetic diversity supporting the existence of random mating. Two genetic groups were found corresponding to the northern and southern locations. Our study suggests that, if local extinctions occurred in Mozambique, the pepper-bark tree persisted in sufficient numbers to retain a large proportion of genetic diversity. Management plans should concentrate on maintaining this high level of genetic variability through both in and ex-situ conservation actions.

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The genetic legacy of fragmentation and overexploitation in the threatened medicinal African pepper-bark tree, Warburgia salutaris

Senkoro

Talhinhas

Simões

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Cultural importance, availability and conservation status of Spanish wild medicinal plants: Implications for sustainability

et al. 2023

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The harvest of wild plants with medicinal uses is increasing globally, both for self‐treatment and as a source of income. The increasing demand for these remedies could lead to the over‐harvest of some species. Despite a recent surge in the number of studies analysing wild medicinal plants management, little is known about the effects of non‐commercial harvesting on the conservation status of medicinal plants. We explore the connection between the cultural importance (CI) of medicinal vascular plants traditionally used in Spain for self‐treatment and their availability, conservation and legal protection status, and discuss the implications of our results for sustainability. We focus on Spain, located in one of the world's 25 biodiversity hotspots and the most diverse country in Europe regarding vascular plants (7071 species, 1357 endemic), while also being culturally and linguistically diverse. Spain has a rich body of traditional knowledge referring to wild medicinal plants, with 1376 species with medicinal uses, which represents nearly a fourth (22%) of the total autochthonous vascular flora of the country (16% endemic). Species CI is positively correlated with abundance (ρ = 0.466) and occupancy area (ρ = 0.495). Only 8% of the wild medicinal plants traditionally used in Spain have an endangered conservation status and just 6% are fully or largely affected by protection measures. Most species used for self‐treatment in Spain are common, highly available and not threatened. This suggests that domestic use alone does not result in overexploitation and that traditional knowledge systems of plant management might ensure their sustainability. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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Molecules from nature: Reconciling biodiversity conservation and global healthcare imperatives for sustainable use of medicinal plants and fungi

Howes

Quave

Collemare

et al. 2020

Plants People Planet

117

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Plants and fungi have provided, or inspired, key pharmaceuticals for global health challenges, including cancer, heart disease, dementia, and malaria, and are valued as traditional medicines worldwide. Global demand for medicinal plants and fungi has threatened certain species, contributing to biodiversity loss and depletion of natural resources that are important for the health of humanity. We consider the evolving role of plants and fungi in global healthcare as new challenges to human health and to biodiversity arise. We present current and emerging scientific approaches, to uncover and preserve nature‐based health solutions for the future, through harmonization with biodiversity conservation strategies.

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Uses, Knowledge, and Management of the Threatened Pepper-Bark Tree (Warburgia salutaris) in Southern Mozambique

Cited by 8 publications

References 76 publications

The genetic legacy of fragmentation and overexploitation in the threatened medicinal African pepper-bark tree, Warburgia salutaris

The genetic legacy of fragmentation and overexploitation in the threatened medicinal African pepper-bark tree, Warburgia salutaris

Cultural importance, availability and conservation status of Spanish wild medicinal plants: Implications for sustainability

Molecules from nature: Reconciling biodiversity conservation and global healthcare imperatives for sustainable use of medicinal plants and fungi

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