User performance and reading strategies for metro maps: An eye tracking study

Netzel, Rudolf; Ohlhausen, Bettina; Kurzhals, Kuno; Woods, R.H.K.; Burch, Michael; Weiskopf, Daniel

doi:10.1080/13875868.2016.1226839

Cited by 73 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The last metric identified from the literature related to monitoring visual behavior is the first fixation duration, which means how long the first fixation lasts. Gaze Location [10,12,[22][23][24][25] Pupil Dilation [11] Fixation Duration [4,13,15,[18][19][20][21][22]26] Fixation Frequency [4,13,14,16,18,19,21,25] Saccade Duration [4,13,20] Saccade Frequency [14][15][16]19] Total Recording Duration [19,26] First Fixation Duration [15] 1.…”

Section: Application Of Eye-tracking Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Energy Assessment Training Effectiveness Evaluation: An Eye-Tracking Study

Ghanbari

Wang

Jeon

2021

Sensors

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It is essential to understand the effectiveness of any training program so it can be improved accordingly. Various studies have applied standard metrics for the evaluation of visual behavior to recognize the areas of interest that attract individuals’ attention as there is a high correlation between attentional behavior and where one is focusing on. However, through reviewing the literature, we believe that studies that applied eye-tracking technologies for training purposes are still limited, especially in the industrial energy assessment training field. In this paper, the effectiveness of industrial energy assessment training was quantitatively evaluated by measuring the attentional allocation of trainees using eye-tracking technology. Moreover, this study identifies the areas that require more focus based on evaluating the performance of subjects after receiving the training. Additionally, this research was conducted in a controlled environment to remove the distractions that may be caused by environmental factors to only concentrate on variables that influence the learning behavior of subjects. The experiment results showed that after receiving the training, the subjects’ performance in energy assessment was significantly improved in two areas: production, and recycling and waste management, and the designed training program enhanced the knowledge of participants in identifying energy-saving opportunities to the knowledge level of experienced participants.

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Section: Application Of Eye-tracking Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Energy Assessment Training Effectiveness Evaluation: An Eye-Tracking Study

Ghanbari

Wang

Jeon

2021

Sensors

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“…To understand which landmarks are required for memorizing a route and specific route segments, we need to assess which map elements are perceived and processed and which are not. In Geosciences and Geography eye tracking has been established as a measure to examine cognitive and attentional processing of map users [27,[35][36][37][38] and to be able to examine different temporo-spatial strategies a user applies in route learning, navigation and other map reading tasks [39][40][41][42]. Of relevance for the examination of attentional processing of particular map objects are the fixation duration and the fixation count on these objects (defined as Areas-Of-Interest, AOIs, on the map).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of visual map complexity on the attentional processing of landmarks

et al. 2020

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In the era of smartphones, route-planning and navigation is supported by freely and globally available web mapping services, such as OpenStreetMap or Google Maps. These services provide digital maps, as well as route planning functions that visually highlight the suggested route in the map. Additionally, such digital maps contain landmark pictograms, i.e. representations of salient objects in the environment. These landmark representations are, amongst other reference points, relevant for orientation, route memory, and the formation of a cognitive map of the environment. The amount of visible landmarks in maps used for navigation and route planning depends on the width of the displayed margin areas around the route. The amount of further reference points is based on the visual complexity of the map. This raises the question how factors like the distance of landmark representations to the route and visual map complexity determine the relevance of specific landmarks for memorizing a route. In order to answer this question, two experiments that investigated the relation between eye fixation patterns on landmark representations, landmark positions, route memory and visual map complexity were carried out. The results indicate that the attentional processing of landmark representations gradually decreases with an increasing distance to the route, decision points and potential decision points. Furthermore, this relation was found to be affected by the visual complexity of the map. In maps with low visual complexity, landmark representations further away from the route are fixated. However, route memory was not found to be affected by visual complexity of the map. We argue that map users might require a certain amount of reference points to form spatial relations as a foundation for a mental representation of space. As maps with low visual complexity offer less reference points, people need to scan a wider area. Therefore, visual complexity of the area displayed in a map should be considered in navigation-oriented map design by increasing displayed margins around the route in maps with a low visual complexity. In order to verify our assumption that the amount of reference points not only affects visual attention processes, but also the formation of a mental representation of space, additional research is required.

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“…Colour is one of the most prominent visual variables and effectively discriminates between transit lines. Several eye‐tracking studies [NOK*17, Bur18] have demonstrated that coloured maps facilitate visual interpretation. Goldstein [Gol65] devised a colour coding scheme for composing transit maps and Liu and Lin [XY09] highlighted the importance of colour harmony principles.…”

Section: Design Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Transit Map Layout – from Design, Machine, and Human Perspectives

Niedermann

Takahashi

et al. 2020

Computer Graphics Forum

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Transit maps are designed to present information for using public transportation systems, such as urban railways. Creating a transit map is a time‐consuming process, which requires iterative information selection, layout design, and usability validation, and thus maps cannot easily be customised or updated frequently. To improve this, scientists investigate fully‐ or semi‐automatic techniques in order to produce high quality transit maps using computers and further examine their corresponding usability. Nonetheless, the quality gap between manually‐drawn maps and machine‐generated maps is still large. To elaborate the current research status, this state‐of‐the‐art report provides an overview of the transit map generation process, primarily from Design, Machine, and Human perspectives. A systematic categorisation is introduced to describe the design pipeline, and an extensive analysis of perspectives is conducted to support the proposed taxonomy. We conclude this survey with a discussion on the current research status, open challenges, and future directions.

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User performance and reading strategies for metro maps: An eye tracking study

Cited by 73 publications

References 14 publications

Industrial Energy Assessment Training Effectiveness Evaluation: An Eye-Tracking Study

Industrial Energy Assessment Training Effectiveness Evaluation: An Eye-Tracking Study

Effects of visual map complexity on the attentional processing of landmarks

A Survey on Transit Map Layout – from Design, Machine, and Human Perspectives

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