Industrial Energy Assessment Training Effectiveness Evaluation: An Eye-Tracking Study

Ghanbari, Laleh; Wang, Chao; Jeon, Hyun Woo

doi:10.3390/s21051584

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This is contrary to other studies [4,14,15]. Waite [38] found that surface damages are easier to find on green painted composite panels. In the present study, the green background colour showed the highest positive-rate (TP & FP) and was significantly higher compared to the white background, F(3, 796) = 2.315, p < 0.05.…”

Section: H5contrasting

confidence: 68%

Evaluation of Influence Factors on the Visual Inspection Performance of Aircraft Engine Blades

2021

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Background—There are various influence factors that affect visual inspection of aircraft engine blades including type of inspection, defect type, severity level, blade perspective and background colour. The effect of those factors on the inspection performance was assessed. Method—The inspection accuracy of fifty industry practitioners was measured for 137 blade images, leading to N = 6850 observations. The data were statistically analysed to identify the significant factors. Subsequent evaluation of the eye tracking data provided additional insights into the inspection process. Results—Inspection accuracies in borescope inspections were significantly lower compared to piece-part inspection at 63.8% and 82.6%, respectively. Airfoil dents (19.0%), cracks (11.0%), and blockage (8.0%) were the most difficult defects to detect, while nicks (100.0%), tears (95.5%), and tip curls (89.0%) had the highest detection rates. The classification accuracy was lowest for airfoil dents (5.3%), burns (38.4%), and tears (44.9%), while coating loss (98.1%), nicks (90.0%), and blockage (87.5%) were most accurately classified. Defects of severity level S1 (72.0%) were more difficult to detect than increased severity levels S2 (92.8%) and S3 (99.0%). Moreover, visual perspectives perpendicular to the airfoil led to better inspection rates (up to 87.5%) than edge perspectives (51.0% to 66.5%). Background colour was not a significant factor. The eye tracking results of novices showed an unstructured search path, characterised by numerous fixations, leading to longer inspection times. Experts in contrast applied a systematic search strategy with focus on the edges, and showed a better defect discrimination ability. This observation was consistent across all stimuli, thus independent of the influence factors. Conclusions—Eye tracking identified the challenges of the inspection process and errors made. A revised inspection framework was proposed based on insights gained, and support the idea of an underlying mental model.

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Section: H5contrasting

confidence: 68%

Evaluation of Influence Factors on the Visual Inspection Performance of Aircraft Engine Blades

2021

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“…The exit survey showed that most participants found the inspection of dirty blades more challenging. This is backed up by the general literature that agrees that an increase in fixation parameters implies a higher task complexity and cognitive load [ 64 , 114 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Again, this was a time-consuming and onerous task, showing that even automatically generated time marks required manual adjustment. While it was relatively simple to exclude the relevant gaze plots in our study (due to the plain background), it would have been more challenging in situations where the stimuli showed complex environments, such as the ones shown in [ 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Effect of Cleanliness on the Visual Inspection of Aircraft Engine Blades: An Eye Tracking Study

Aust

Mitrović

Pons

2021

Sensors

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Background—The visual inspection of aircraft parts such as engine blades is crucial to ensure safe aircraft operation. There is a need to understand the reliability of such inspections and the factors that affect the results. In this study, the factor ‘cleanliness’ was analysed among other factors. Method—Fifty industry practitioners of three expertise levels inspected 24 images of parts with a variety of defects in clean and dirty conditions, resulting in a total of N = 1200 observations. The data were analysed statistically to evaluate the relationships between cleanliness and inspection performance. Eye tracking was applied to understand the search strategies of different levels of expertise for various part conditions. Results—The results show an inspection accuracy of 66.8% and 86.8% for clean and dirty blades, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that cleanliness and defect type influenced the inspection accuracy, while expertise was surprisingly not a significant factor. In contrast, inspection time was affected by expertise along with other factors, including cleanliness, defect type and visual acuity. Eye tracking revealed that inspectors (experts) apply a more structured and systematic search with less fixations and revisits compared to other groups. Conclusions—Cleaning prior to inspection leads to better results. Eye tracking revealed that inspectors used an underlying search strategy characterised by edge detection and differentiation between surface deposits and other types of damage, which contributed to better performance.

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“…Given that eye tracking technology offers an unbiased evaluation of visual search behavior, it is not unexpected that the application of this technology in construction safety studies has grown recently (e.g. [33][34][35][36][37]). For example, Li et al [35] aimed to identify the mental fatigue level of the operators by using eye-tracking technology through a virtual excavation simulation.…”

Section: Eye-tracking For Construction Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the safety awareness of workers on the virtual and real construction site using eye-tracking technology

Çomu,

Yücel,

Kıral

2023

JCEMI

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Because the construction industry inherently contains dangerous practices, safety training has a critical role in preventing accidents and mitigating hazardous outcomes.However, due to the inefficiency of traditional safety training methods and the riskiness of hands-on training, virtual safety practices have great potential to train construction workers. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of virtual safety exercises, comparing the workers' safety awareness on real and virtual construction sites utilizing eye-tracking technology. Eye-tracking data collected from eleven workers during the experiments in the real and virtual construction sites were analyzed using three main eye-tracking metrics, namely total fixation duration, first fixation duration, and time to the first fixation. The result of the study showed that the workers' time to first fixation duration in the real site is significantly lower than in the virtual environment (Z=-4.18, ρ<0.05), which means that participants noticed risk sources in the actual construction site more quickly compared to the virtual environment. On the other hand, total fixation duration (Z=-3.99, ρ<0.05) and first fixation duration (Z=-3.99, ρ<0.05) in the virtual environment were significantly higher than in the actual construction site, indicating that participants had higher attention level and higher risk perception during the virtual tour.The results support the effectiveness of a risk-free virtual environment by showing the participants' high level of attention and increased risk perception. By creating the most appropriate virtual environment for the relevant construction task, workers' safety awareness can be enhanced utilizing non-hazardous and effective Virtual Reality (VR) safety tools.

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Industrial Energy Assessment Training Effectiveness Evaluation: An Eye-Tracking Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluation of Influence Factors on the Visual Inspection Performance of Aircraft Engine Blades

Evaluation of Influence Factors on the Visual Inspection Performance of Aircraft Engine Blades

Assessment of the Effect of Cleanliness on the Visual Inspection of Aircraft Engine Blades: An Eye Tracking Study

Comparing the safety awareness of workers on the virtual and real construction site using eye-tracking technology

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