User Modeling via Stereotypes*

Abstract

This paper addresses the problems that must be considered if computers are going to treat their users as individuals with distinct personalities, goals, and so forth. It first outlines the issues, and then proposes stereotypes as a useful mechanism for buildina models of individual users on the basis of a small amount of information about them. In order to build user models quickly, a large amount of uncertain knowledae must be incormrated into the models. The issue of how to resolve the conflicts ;hot will arise aiong such inferences is discussed. A system, Gwndy, is described that builds models.of its users, with the aid of stereotypes, and then exploits those models to guide it in its task, suggesting novels that people may find interesting. If stereotypes are to be useful to Grundy, they must accurately characterize the users of the system. Some techniques to modify stereotypes on the bosis of experience are discussed. An analysis of Grundy's performance shows that its user modds are effective in guiding its performance.

CAPRE: A New Methodology for Product Recommendation Based on Customer Actionability and Profitability

“…It can be argued that the Grundy system [11] was the first recommender system, which proposed using stereotypes as a mechanism for building models. Later on, the Tapestry system relied on each customer to identify like-minded customers manually [12].…”

Scripting affective communication with life-like characters in web-based interaction systems

“…Emotional states of other agents can be pre-de®ned by the designer of the interaction scenario, as part of the de®nition of communicative acts (see above).°S tereotypes. Assuming that other agents are correctly classi®ed, stereotypes (Rich 1979) can be employed to derive their features, e.g., a typical visitor of a casino may be assumed to have the goal of winning money, and thus be joyful if she or he wins.…”

Intelligent Context-Aware and Adaptive Interface for Mobile LBS

“…And these researches are based on the human-computer interaction model which describes the characteristics of the interaction process between human and machine. Some early researches of adaptive interface model are based on user features, like Rich proposed a modeling method which classifies the users based on their background and then provide different services [3]. User modeling concentrated not only on users' cognitive or reason, such as knowledge, goals, and planning [4], but also on emotional and personality [5, 6].…”