Used of Chemically Modified Titanium Dioxide Particles to Mediate the Non-isothermal Cold Crystallization of Poly(latic acid)

Abstract

In this work, the effect of the chemical modification of titanium dioxide particles on the non-isothermal crystallization process of polylactic acid (PLA) was studied. Cold crystallization in some polymers occurs above the glass transition temperature (Tg) when the polymer chains gain sufficient mobility to organize themselves into the ordered structure (i.e. the crystal structure) by folding the chains. Cold crystallization in general is caused by the ordering of the molecular chains in the crystalline PLA due to the increased mobility during heating. Through an analysis of the cool crystallization process in DSC at different cooling rates, it was observed that the behavior of PLA and its composites made with titanium dioxide, neat and functionalized with dicarboxylic acids, can be described through the models used for crystallization of the polymer carrying out during cooling, such as Mo’s and Jeziorny’s model. In addition, it was determined that the chemical modification of TiO2 performed with silane increases the crystallization rate in the last step of the process; while the chemical modification with dicarboxylic acid has an accelerated effect on the crystal formation process attributed to the affinity between the aliphatic part of this group and the polymer chains. Also, it was shown that the inclusion of the silanized particles has no effect on the energy requirement compared to the pure PLA process; however, the addition of particles with the dicarboxylic acid decreases the energy value required to complete the crystalline state due to affinity at the surface to immobilize the polymer chains. Finally, it is emphasized that the activation energy required to perform the crystallization of PLA and its composites has positive values, which is an indicator that the crystallization was performed while heating, after reaching and passing the glass transition temperature and before melting.

The role of alkoxysilanes functional groups for surface modification of TiO2 nanoparticles on non-isothermal crystallization of isotactic polypropylene composites

“…Besides, TiO 2 has the added value of being the primary inorganic pigment used in the coloration of plastics. On the other hand, this oxide is insoluble in most acids, which makes processing difficult since it requires large amounts of energy to achieve optimal dispersion in polymer matrices, due to the formation of agglomerates due to the highly attractive forces among particles (Mendoza, Peña-Juárez, Perez, & Gonzalez-Calderon, 2020). Surface modification is the most common strategy to minimize this attraction and to improve colloidal stability (Delgado Alvarado, Peña Juárez, Perez Perez, Perez, & Gonzalez, 2019).…”

“…Surface modification is the most common strategy to minimize this attraction and to improve colloidal stability (Delgado Alvarado, Peña Juárez, Perez Perez, Perez, & Gonzalez, 2019). In particular, silanization has provided a chemical environment to the TiO 2 particles (Delgado Alvarado et al, 2019;Mendoza et al, 2020) that allow a decrease in the activation energy of the crystallization in iPP. Silane coupling agents can form a strong bond between organic and inorganic materials to generate heterogeneous environments or a uniform composite structure.…”