Use of β-caryophyllene to combat bacterial dental plaque formation in dogs

Abstract

BackgroundPeriodontal disease is a highly prevalent illness that affects many dogs, reaching up to 85 % prevalence in individuals over the age of 4 years. Currently the drug of choice for combating the formation of dental plaque in these animals, the etiologic agent of the disease, is chlorhexidine, which has several side effects reported. Thus, surveys are conducted throughout the world in order to identify potential substitutes for antimicrobial therapy and prevention of periodontal disease. The objective of the work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of β-caryophyllene against bacteria from dog’s dental plaque in vitro and in vivo. The minimum inhibitory concentration was evaluated by agar microdilution assay, the induction or inhibition of bacterial adherence by sub-inhibitory concentrations in 96-well plates, and reduction of dental plaque formation in mongrel dogs subjected to topical solution with β-caryophyllene for 15 days.ResultsResults showed minimum inhibitory concentrations above 100 mg/mL for 25 % of the isolates, 100 mg/mL for 3 %, 50 mg/mL for 25 %, 25 mg/mL for 12 %, 12.5 mg/mL for 19 % and 6.25 mg/mL for 16 %. Bacterial adherences of three Enterococcus sp., one Streptococcus sp., one Haemophilus sp., one Aerococcus sp., one Bacillus sp. and one Lactococcus sp. isolates were inhibited by subinhibitory concentration. One Lactococcus sp., one Bacillus sp. and one Streptococcus sp. were stimulated to adhere by concentrations of 0.19, 1.56 and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively. In vivo assay showed reduction in dental plaque formation by β-caryophyllene, with final plaque coverage of 23.3 ± 2.6 % of the total area of the teeth, with significant difference compared with chlorhexidine group (37.5 ± 3.7 % - p < 0.05) and negative control group (65.5 ± 2.5 % - p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe results showed that β-caryophyllene has antimicrobial activity against the proliferation of dog’s dental plaque-forming bacteria representing a suitable alternative to the use of chlorhexidine in prophylaxis and treatment of periodontal disease of dogs.

Antibacterial Activity and Mode of Action of β-caryophyllene on Bacillus cereus

“…BCP is a bicyclic sesquiterpene, with a cyclobutane ring, usually found in EOs of oregano, cinnamon, and black pepper (Gertsch et al 2008). Studies have shown that BCP has great potential as an antimicrobial agent in the food industry, due to its low toxicity (Pieri et al 2016). BCP has been known for its anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory attributes (Dahham et al 2015).…”

“…BCP has been known for its anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory attributes (Dahham et al 2015). Previously, studies conducted in the plant extracts containing BCP from Lantana sp., Lippia gracillis, Spiranthera odoratissima, Syzygium cumini, Thymus kotschyanus, and Vernonia remotiflo rae V. bra siliana have shown their antimicrobial activity (Pieri et al 2016). However, there has been paucity in information about the mechanisms of the reported antibacterial activity of BCP.…”

Anti‐inflammatory activity of β‐caryophyllene combined with docosahexaenoic acid in a model of sepsis induced by Staphylococcus aureus in mice

“…and Lactococcus sp. also appears in the literature . In a study on antibactericidal action of polyunsaturated long‐chain fatty acids (PUFA‐CL) on Propionibacterium acnes and S. aureus, Desbois et al .…”

“…also appears in the literature. 57,58 In a study on antibactericidal action of polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids (PUFA-CL) on Propionibacterium acnes and S. aureus, Desbois et al report that DHA was the PUFA with the highest relative potency against S. aureus and the second most active against P. acnes. 59 In a dose-dependent manner, DHA reduced in vitro growth and in vivo colonization of H. pylori, and contributed to a lower recurrence of infection.…”

First Report on Yield and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil Extracted from Myrcia eximia DC (Myrtaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon

“…(E)-Caryophyllene is a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) food cannabinoid, and its use is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Its biological activities are widely reported in the literature, such as those against bacteria, [36], fungi [37], and viruses [38]. There are also reports of its anti-inflammatory [39], anticancer [40], analgesic [41], and antiphytoviral [42] activities.…”