Anti‐inflammatory activity of β‐caryophyllene combined with docosahexaenoic acid in a model of sepsis induced by Staphylococcus aureus in mice

Abstract

BACKGROUND Sepsis is a set of serious organic manifestations caused by an infection, whose progression culminates in exacerbated inflammation and oxidative stress, poor prognosis, and high hospital costs. Antioxidants used against sepsis have been evaluated, including essential oils such as β‐caryophyllene (BCP), and polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory activity of the association of these two compounds. RESULTS Treatment with BCP‐DHA, at a dose of 200 μL/animal, significantly inhibited the migration of neutrophils in a Cg‐induced peritonitis model. After Staphylococcus aureus infection, in the groups treated with BCP‐DHA there was a significant decrease in the total and differential count of leukocytes, increased expression of cytokines TNF‐α and IFN‐γ in treated groups, an increase of IL‐4 and IL‐5 in B/D and B/D + SA groups, and an augmentation of IL‐6 and IL‐12 groups in B/D + SA groups. Histological and bacterial analysis revealed lower neutrophil migration and lower bacterial load in the infected and treated groups. CONCLUSION In general, the BCP‐DHA association presented anti‐inflammatory activity against two different models of acute inflammation and infection, showing promising potential as a therapeutic adjuvant in sepsis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

β-Caryophyllene, A Natural Dietary CB2 Receptor Selective Cannabinoid can be a Candidate to Target the Trinity of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation in COVID-19

“…Additionally, numerous studies have also demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of BCP by activating CB2R and their subsequent pathways . The CB2R-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of BCP has been demonstrated in inflammatory states of the heart (Meeran et al, 2019), liver Arizuka et al, 2017;Varga et al, 2018), intestines , kidneys (Horváth et al, 2012;Hammad et al, 2018), lungs (Andrade-Silva et al, 2016, brain (Fontes et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2017;, pancreas (Basha and Sankaranarayanan, 2016), urinary bladder (Berger et al, 2019), joints (Rufino et al, 2015;Irrera et al, 2019;D'Ascola et al, 2019), skin (Koyama et al, 2019), oral cavity, and blood (Brito et al, 2019). BCP also showed anti-inflammatory effects mediating histaminergic and arachidonic acid pathways (Oliveira-Tintino et al, 2018).…”

“…The authors suggested that due to the lack of clinical evidence and the ambiguous underlying mechanisms, the clinical application of CB2R stimulation in sepsis is yet to be confirmed further (He et al, 2019). In many recent studies specific CB2R synthetic agonists, including HU-308 (Liu et al, 2020), GW405833 , JWH133 (Çakır et al, 2020), and natural agonist, BCP (Brito et al, 2019), have been shown to ameliorate lung tissue damage, inhibiting oxidative stress, release of inflammatory mediators, recruitment of leucocytes and bacteremia, and improve survival in different preclinical models of sepsis. CB2R agonists were reported to ameliorate leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, oxidative stress, systemic inflammatory mediators, microcirculatory dysfunction, bacteremia, and lung injury, along with an improvement in survival in experimental models of sepsis (Sardinha et al, 2014;Toguri et al, 2015).…”

“…To model sepsis, many of the experimental models rely on LPS-induced macrophages, which involve the activation and release of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines (Brito et al, 2019). BCP was reported to reduce the level of leukocytes, cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ, and increase the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 (Brito et al, 2019). BCP was shown to suppress inflammatory mediators and exert inhibitory effects on macrophages (Tung et al, 2008;Yamaguchi and Levy, 2019;Yamaguchi and Levy, 2020).…”

First Report on Yield and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil Extracted from Myrcia eximia DC (Myrtaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon

“…Its biological activities are widely reported in the literature, such as those against bacteria, [36], fungi [37], and viruses [38]. There are also reports of its anti-inflammatory [39], anticancer [40], analgesic [41], and antiphytoviral [42] activities. The analogs caryophyllene oxide and 14-hydroxy-9-epi-(E)-caryophyllene were also identified in the three extractions performed.…”

Bioactive Compounds Obtained from Polish “Marynka” Hop Variety Using Efficient Two-Step Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Comparison of Their Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Proliferative Activities In Vitro

“…The European Food and Safety Authority (EFSA) also considers it safe and allows it to be used in the form of a food additive, flavor enhancer, cosmetic additive or flavor additive. It can be used to treat pain and inflammation [24,25]. Myrcene, β-farnesene, and β-cariophylene can be used to combat bee disease e.g., V. destructor mite [26].…”