Use of Whole Embryo Cultures in  In Vitro  Teratogenicity Testing

Schmid, B.; Bechter, R.; Kučera, Pavel

doi:10.1016/b978-012163390-5.50016-8

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Validation studies (table 2) have been published by Schmid et al 1983and Cicurel and Schmid 1988a, 1988b. An interlaboratory validation study is currently ongoing (Van Maele-Fabry et al 1991;Govers et al 1988;Piersma et al 1994).…”

Section: Mammalian Postimplantation Whole Embryo Culturementioning

confidence: 95%

The Validation and Use of In Vitro Teratogenicity Tests

Bechter

1995

Archives of Toxicology

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Section: Mammalian Postimplantation Whole Embryo Culturementioning

confidence: 95%

The Validation and Use of In Vitro Teratogenicity Tests

Bechter

1995

Archives of Toxicology

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“…The embryo culture which has received most attention is undoubtedly rodent postimplantation whole embryo culture. Originally developed as a system for studying the regulation of embryogenesis ( New et al 1976), it has been and is widely employed as a system to study embryotoxicity in isolated embryos in culture (Schmid et al 1983; Klug et al 1985, Piersma et al 1995).…”

Section: Alternative Test Systems In Developmental Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Methods for Developmental Toxicity Testing

Piersma

2006

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Alternatives to animal testing in developmental toxicology have been the subject of three decades of research. The aims of these investigations have been to reduce animal experimentation, to refine effect assessment and mechanistic studies, and to accelerate and simplify safety testing in an area of toxicology that uses relatively many animals. Many alternatives have been developed over the years with different compexities, using biologic material ranging from continuous cell lines to complete embryos. The validation of alternatives and their application in testing strategies is still in its infancy, although significant steps towards these aims are currently being made. The introduction of the genomics technology is a promising emerging area in developmental toxicity testing in vitro. Future application of alternatives in testing strategies for developmental toxicity may significantly gain from the inclusion of gene expression studies, given the unique programme of gene expression changes in embryonic and foetal development.

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“…By the 1980s, the WEC technique was widely used in many groups for different applications including teratogenicity screens (Schmid et al,1981 Sadler et al,1982; Schmid et al,1983; Cicurel and Schmid,1988), mechanistic studies in teratogenesis as well as studies of embryo physiology, development, and organogenesis (New,1983; Steele et al,1983 Ellington,1983,1987; Hunter et al,1987; Cockroft,1988; Fujinaga et al,1988;). During this time, various methods were used in different groups to evaluate ontogeny and mechanism of abnormal embryonic development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro developmental toxicology assays: A review of the state of the science of rodent and zebrafish whole embryo culture and embryonic stem cell assays

Augustine-Rauch

Zhang

Panzica-Kelly

2010

Birth Defects Research Pt C

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In vitro developmental model systems have been an important tool for advancing basic research in the embryology and teratology fields. The rat and zebrafish embryo models have had broad utility in both fields for many decades. Furthermore embryonic stem cells, applied as a basic research tool, have broad applications across the development fields and many other fields including cancer, regeneration and epigenetic research. These models have historically been applied in mechanistic studies but were also considered promising for evaluating teratogenic potential of test substances. In recent years, in vitro teratogenicity assays have become an area of interest for supporting the 3 Rs (reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal use). Generation of such assays also provides a means to facilitate early assessment of test agents at a higher throughput without excessive use of animals. In this review, the three models are described with an emphasis of how they are being developed and/or refined to support teratogenicity assessment as screening tools. An overview of the state of the science and future directions are described.

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Use of Whole Embryo Cultures in In Vitro Teratogenicity Testing

Cited by 4 publications

References 100 publications

The Validation and Use of In Vitro Teratogenicity Tests

The Validation and Use of In Vitro Teratogenicity Tests

Alternative Methods for Developmental Toxicity Testing

In vitro developmental toxicology assays: A review of the state of the science of rodent and zebrafish whole embryo culture and embryonic stem cell assays

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