Use of Waterway Transport Integrated to Urban Transportation Systems in Amazonian Cities: A Vision of Sustainable Mobility

Abstract

Over time, in Amazonia, water transportation became a penetration and occupation vector, defining flows over the region by settlement locations and influencing the supply process of either freight or passengers. However, in urban areas with river fronts, road transport prevailed, wasting the potential offered by water transport. This could be used as complementary, integrated, and, therefore, be a factor of social inclusion and promotion of sustainable mobility. In this article, an exploratory study of integrated intermodal transport was undertaken, in a strategic planning vision for Belem, Brazil, based on literature review, using databases of transport surveys from pre-existing studies and on-site observation of the city of Belem. The challenges were discussed in terms of an analysis scale covering integration dimensions, as well as presenting a possible intermodal network, integrating urban and water transportation. Among the results, it was noted that on the mainland, water transportation is desirable, to escape from urban road traffic, reducing costs and minimizing travel times. It was also observed that all Belem areas with one interconnecting road, regardless of distance and travel time to downtown, are more developed and, therefore, more valued than the insular areas; therefore it is supposed that an intermodal network could improve accessibility for islands' population, promoting social inclusion. In general, the use of water transport integrated to global urban transportation systems seems possible, but there are many questions to be solved in the implementation of that mode in Belem.

Sustainable Inland Waterway Transportation Systems: Framework Proposal

“…Also, the lack of confidence among stakeholders (in this case, carriers and retailers) makes it necessary to inspect all goods delivered in commercial establishments. The social dimension of transport is supported by three fundamental values and principles: equity, accessibility, and mobility (Tobias, Ramos, & Rodrigues, 2019). Equity ensures the fair distribution of transport resources and opportunities, promoting equal access for disadvantaged groups.…”

“…In Brazil, the study conducted by Tobias, Ramos, and Rodrigues (2019) provides research based on a preliminary literature review and on-site observations to identify the critical factors for the development of island areas, with a special focus on the integration of different transport modes. The authors propose four dimensions of integration that promote economic and sustainable development, with a particular emphasis on equity and social inclusion.…”

The Integration of Transportation Modes for Bromo-Tengger-Semeru National Park

“…In the current situation, in the face of the social context empirically observed, it seems very clear the need for investment in transportation solutions, especially for the existence of economic and population activities; which has the downtown area as the most basic activity destination. In general, system integration seems a necessity [31].…”

Assessment of commuters’ perception of water transportation safety and patronage in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria

“…al., (2017) focused on the neglect and undervalue of water transport in Lagos State, while the work of Edelman, (2015) concluded that the plan to integrate the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) with light rail schemes may not solve the congestion problem in Lagos metropolis, except it also incorporates the water transport mode. Some other scholars (Bayode & Ipingbemi, 2016;Tobias et al, 2019;Tannum & Ulvensøen, 2019;Iamtrakul & Wongbumru, 2019;Łapko & Panasiuk, 2019;Iamtrakul, 2018) worked on the potential of water transport to help address the serious road congestion and its associated problems such as extended travel time, loss of man hour, and negative effects on the environment and human health. Although some other studies (Adejare et al, 2017;Ademiluyi et al, 2016;Ogunbajo et al, 2017) have been carried out on inland water transport in Lagos State, this study is different from the previous ones because it is specifically on the operation of inland water transport along the Ikorodu-Ebute Ero route in Lagos city, with a view to recommend strategies for raising its capability as a mode of transportation in the area.…”