The Integration of Transportation Modes for Bromo-Tengger-Semeru National Park

Abstract

Introduction: The spread of the COVID-19 virus requires unprecedented steps from the government such as the restriction of travelers and activities and enforcement of social distancing to reduce interaction between individuals. This led to a drastic decrease in tourist visits to the TN-BTS between January and December 2020 with the area reported having been closed between April - July. Meanwhile, there was an inadequate transportation system at a tourist destination area before the pandemic and that made the movement more difficult during the pandemic. Therefore, this research is focused on describing transportation modes integration in the East Java-Indonesia TN-BTS area during this period. Methods: The intermodal integration was represented through the community's preference which was based on certain elements such as the need for connecting mode, main mode, multimodal network, transitional facilities, switching facilities with different networks, schedules integration, tariffs, routes, and times. Results and Discussion: The survey conducted, however, showed these indicators are below expectation as observed with the community satisfaction with transportation integration in the TN-BTS area measured to be very low, below 60%, using the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) tool. Moreover, the expectations on the variables for intermodal integration were also measured using Important Performance Analysis (IPA). Conclusion: The findings showed the policymakers and planners need to take steps to encourage the realization of transportation integration in the TN-BTS area to develop tourism in the area.