Use of Unmodified Coffee Husk Biochar and Ashes as Heterogeneous Catalysts in Biodiesel Synthesis

Exploring the Potential of Amino-Functionalized Zeolite Series/H3PO4-Biochar for Environmental Microplastic Removal

“…This spectroscopic technique is used to validate the carbon structure of materials with respect to their possible interaction with other atoms. A prominent peak at a chemical shift (δ) of 128 ppm in the spectrum of CP-MAS 13 C NMR of AFZ shows the presence of unsaturated carbon signals (Figure S2), which comprise broken glycosidic bonds, aromatic carbons from biochar derived from lignocelluloses, , and delocalized graphitic planes of carbon formed from the pyrolysis of lignocelluloses, resulting from the carbonization of the hydrophilic matrix of polysaccharides. , It is evident in this technique that the carbon skeleton in AFZ was formed from the components of various polysaccharides that are found in AFZ. , These delocalized graphitic planes of the carbon network in AFZ were responsible for its hydrophobic interaction with PSMMs.…”

“…Figure shows the XRD patterns of AFZ after the adsorption and desorption of PSMMs. The Miller indices of AFZ after adsorption of PSMMs appeared at 8.5, 15.7, 23.5, 25, 26.5, 27.5, and 29°, which revealed that these phases correspond to the (002), (103) + (202), (114), (400), (105), (022) + (323), and (313) diffraction planes, respectively, that are attributed to the presence of silica and alumina constituents in the zeolite series that are crystalline ,, and the presence of amorphous graphitic carbon symmetry , (card no. : PDF 89-1397).…”

Functionalized Biochar from the Amazonian Residual Biomass Murici Seed: An Effective and Low-Cost Basic Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis

“…Micrographs of the BCAM support and the catalyst 15Na/BCAM are shown in Figure 5. The micrographs referring to the BCAM support are shown in Figure 5a,b and indicate that the BCAM support has an irregular surface morphology with a wide well-developed pore network, formed by the release of gases during the carbonization of organic matter rich in lignocellulosic compounds [26,29,37]. Figure 5c,d show the surface morphology of the catalyst 15Na/BCAM, in which it is possible to observe a marked decrease in the porosity of the support.…”

“…Biochar can exhibit indispensable catalytic properties, such as having customizable porous structures, excellent stability in acidic or basic media, and an extensive specific surface area [24]. Several studies of preparation of carbon-based catalysts or biochar from different residual biomasses, functionalized with several active phases, have been reported [25], such as: murumuru kernel shell [26][27][28] avocado seed [29], date seed [21], rice husk [30], pomelo peel [31], banana peel [32,33], chicken manure [34], citrus fruit peel [35], coconut coir husk [36] and coffee husk [37].…”