Use of Turbidity Determinations in Estimating the Suspended Load of Natural Streams

Grassy, Richard G.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1943.tb17395.x

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Turbidity has long been considered an index of suspended solids (Bull and Darby, 1928;Grassy, 1943), and its expedient measurement has prompted state regulatory agencies throughout the Northwest to adopt standards that define acceptable/unacceptable sediment loads in terms of turbidity (1) units (NTU's). However, turbidity is not a measurement of suspended sediment concentration.…”

Section: Turbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Correlations between suspended sediment and turbidity in natural stream systems have ranged from excellent to poor (Kunide and Corner, 1971;Costa, 1977;Larson, et al, 1978;Settergren, et a!., 1980;Stednick, 1980;Beschta, 1980). Larson, et aL (1978) sediment concentration (mg/i) to turbidity (NTU), or coeffident of fineness, has been shown to be a function of discharge (Grassy, 1943) and is subject to hysteretic effects during storms (Beschta, 1980). Nevertheless, turbidity records may prove superior to sediment rating curves for calculating sediment yield where sediment production may be wealdy related to discharge (Truhiar, 1976).…”

Section: Turbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

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SUSPENDED SEDIMENT AND TURBIDITY FOLLOWING ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND LOGGING IN WESTERN MONTANA¹

Anderson

Potts

1987

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Forest management activities in a second order drainage basin increased suspended sediment yields 7.7 fold in the first year following road construction, and two-fold following logging in the second year. Sediment supply limitations resulted in poor correlations between sediment concentrations with discharge. Sediment transport was strongly hysteretic, with the highest sediment concentrations occurring on the rising limbs of snowmelt hydrographs and individual peaks. In addition to discharge, hydrograph characteristics such as limb, dQ/dt, and the product of dQ/dt and limb aided in explaining variability of observed sediment concentrations. Sedimentturbidity relationships were strongly discharge dependent, reflecting the changing composition of the suspended load with stream power and sediment supplies.(KEY TERMS: suspended sediment; sediment transport; turbidity; water quality; sedimentation; watershed management; forest management.)

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Section: Turbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Turbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

SUSPENDED SEDIMENT AND TURBIDITY FOLLOWING ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND LOGGING IN WESTERN MONTANA¹

Anderson

Potts

1987

J American Water Resour Assoc

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“…Turbidity normally increases more slowly than suspended solids during the rising hydrograph (Grassy 1943) because of the increased competence of the stream to transport large particles in the streambed or streambank as velocity increases. Large particles are in limited supply in Spoon River because of stable substrates in the streambed and well-protected streambanks.…”

Section: Spoon Rivermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A change in the ratio of suspended solids/turbidity provided an index of a change in the relative size composition of particles in suspension because large particles scatter less light than an equal concentration of small particles (Grassy 1943). This ratio was called the coefficient of coarseness (CC).…”

Section: Spoon Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

Riparian vegetation and channel morphology impact on spatial patterns of water quality in agricultural watersheds

Schlosser

Karr

1981

Environmental Management

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/ A model based on the KLS factors of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) accurately predicted temporal dynamics and relative peak levels of suspended solids, turbidity, and phosphorus in an agricultural watershed with well-protected streambanks and cultivation to the stream edge. Fine suspended solids derived from surface runoff appeared to be a major component of the suspended solids in this stream. The model did not predict the same parameters in a watershed with unstable channel substrates, exposed streambanks, and heterogeneity in riparian vegetation and channel morphology. The rate of increase in concentration of the water quality parameters was higher than predicted in areas without riparian vegetation and with unstable substrates. Peak levels were higher than predicted where unstable channel substrates occurred, and potential energy of the stream was high because of stream alterations (removal of near-stream vegetation and creation of a uniform, straight channel). Timing of the peak levels of suspended solids, turbidity, and phosphorus in these areas seemed related to major flushes of discharge due to delayed inputs from the surface or subsurface or both or to rapid urban drainage. Higher suspended solids concentration in this stream seemed to involve larger quantities of large particles.Thus, the USLE may not adequately predict relative water quality conditions within a watershed when variation in channel morphology and riparian vegetation exists. We make the following recommendations:1. Models to predict water quality effects of management programs should combine a terrestrial phase (which details hydrologic and erosion processes associated with surface runoff) with an aquatic phase (which details hydrologic processes of scour and sediment transport in channels). The impact of near-channel areas on these hydrologic processes should receive special attention.2. Sampling schemes should be designed to account for the impact on water quality of both watershed land surface and inand near-channel processes. In order to help distinguish sources of suspended solids, researchers should emphasize analysis of size distribution of particles transported.3. Best management systems for improving the broadest range of water resources in agricultural watersheds need to be based on an expanded "critical area" approach, which includes identification of critical erosive and depositional areas in both terrestrial and aquatic environments.A major societal focus of the last decade in the United States was to decrease nonpoint pollution from agricultural watersheds. Most efforts in this area concentrated on determining gross soil erosion from a watershed using the universal soil loss equation (USLE). Identification of critical erosive areas and treatment with traditional soil conservation practices has commonly been the major objective (Soil Conservation Society of America 1977; Lake and Morrison 1977;Miller et al. 1979).However, the USLE provides an indication of gross soil loss and not net contributions to the s...

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“…The use of the sonic-attenuation relations for discrete particle sizes in conjunction with a sedimentation chamber to determine size distribution of mixtures has been suggested by Busby and Richardson (1955, p. 202) and Killen; 5 the use of attenuation relations for light has given varying degrees of success (Traxler and Baum, 1935, p. 466). Grassy (1941) studied the use of the turbidity meter in estimating the suspended load of natural streams. Gamble and Barnett (1937, p. 311-313, figs.…”

Section: Distributions Of Particle Sizesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic measurement of suspended sediment

Flammer¹

1962

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Use of Turbidity Determinations in Estimating the Suspended Load of Natural Streams

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

SUSPENDED SEDIMENT AND TURBIDITY FOLLOWING ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND LOGGING IN WESTERN MONTANA¹

SUSPENDED SEDIMENT AND TURBIDITY FOLLOWING ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND LOGGING IN WESTERN MONTANA¹

Riparian vegetation and channel morphology impact on spatial patterns of water quality in agricultural watersheds

Ultrasonic measurement of suspended sediment

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Use of Turbidity Determinations in Estimating the Suspended Load of Natural Streams

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

SUSPENDED SEDIMENT AND TURBIDITY FOLLOWING ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND LOGGING IN WESTERN MONTANA1

SUSPENDED SEDIMENT AND TURBIDITY FOLLOWING ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND LOGGING IN WESTERN MONTANA1

Riparian vegetation and channel morphology impact on spatial patterns of water quality in agricultural watersheds

Ultrasonic measurement of suspended sediment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

SUSPENDED SEDIMENT AND TURBIDITY FOLLOWING ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND LOGGING IN WESTERN MONTANA¹

SUSPENDED SEDIMENT AND TURBIDITY FOLLOWING ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND LOGGING IN WESTERN MONTANA¹