HY 12 than that indicated by the geometry of the solid boundaries is reflected to a certain extent in the high value of 2.0 that is used for CD in Eq. 6.The writers recognize that many bridges do not need to be treated by special formulas, and have included a routine for normal profile calculations that simply modifies a river cross section to account for the area and wetted perimeter of a bridge deck. However, there are many applications where formulas are required, such as for outlet works of low dams or for pressure flow in long highway culverts.
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