Use of transgenic seeds in Brazilian agriculture and concentration of agricultural production to large agribusinesses

Marinho, Caillet Dornelles; Martins, F J O; Júnior, Amaral; Gonçalves, Leandro Simões Azeredo; Amaral, S C S; Mello, Márcio Pupin

doi:10.4238/2012.july.19.6

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…For example, the usual life cycle of soybeans was shortened by 8 to 12 weeks. Genetically modified crops are also widely used (Melo et al, 2010;Marinho et al, 2012). Genetically modified crops are also widely used (Melo et al, 2010;Marinho et al, 2012).…”

Section: Environmental Stressors Of the Cerradomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the annual cropping has doubled or even tripled, with the potential to increase the soybean yield from 3 t/ha to 5 t/ha (FAS-USDA, 2003). Genetically modified crops are also widely used (Melo et al, 2010;Marinho et al, 2012). The Cerrado is now one of the world's top producers of soybeans (IBGE 2013, Smaling et al, 2008Batlle-Bayer et al, 2010).…”

Section: Environmental Stressors Of the Cerradomentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Brazilian Cerrado: assessment of water and soil degradation in catchments under intensive agricultural use

et al. 2014

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The Brazilian Cerrado is recognized as one of the most threatened biomes in the world, as the region has experienced a striking change from natural Cerrado vegetation to intense cash crop production. This paper reviews the history of land conversion in the Cerrado and the development of soil properties and water resources under past and ongoing land use. We compared soil and water quality parameters from different land uses considering 80 soil and 18 water studies conducted in different regions across the Cerrado to provide quantitative evidence of soil and water alterations from land use change. Following the conversion of native Cerrado, significant effects on soil pH, bulk density and available P and K for croplands and less-pronounced effects on pastures were evident. Soil total N did not differ between land uses because most of the sites classified as croplands were nitrogen-fixing soybeans, which are not artificially fertilized with N. In contrast, water quality studies showed nitrogen enrichment in agricultural catchments, indicating fertilizer impacts and potential susceptibility to eutrophication. Regardless of the land use, P is widely absent because of the high-fixing capacities of deeply weathered soils and the filtering capacity of riparian vegetation. Pesticides, however, were consistently detected throughout the entire aquatic system. In several case studies, extremely high-peak concentrations exceeded Brazilian and European Union (EU) water quality limits, which were potentially accompanied by serious health implications. Land use intensification is likely to continue, particularly in regions where less annual rainfall and severe droughts are projected in the northeastern and western Cerrado. Thus, the leaching risk and displacement of agrochemicals are expected to increase, particularly because the current legislation has caused a reduction in riparian vegetation. We conclude that land use intensification is likely to seriously limit the Cerrado's future regarding both agricultural productivity and ecosystem stability. Because only limited data are available, we recommend further field studies to understand the interaction between terrestrial and aquatic systems. This study may serve as a valuable database for integrated modelling to investigate the impact of land use and climate change on soil and water resources and to test and develop mitigation measures for the Cerrado.

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Section: Environmental Stressors Of the Cerradomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Stressors Of the Cerradomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Brazilian Cerrado: assessment of water and soil degradation in catchments under intensive agricultural use

et al. 2014

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“…Rekayasa genetika pada dasarnya adalah seperangkat teknik yang digunakan untuk memanipulasi komponen genetik, yakni DNA genom atau gen yang dapat dilakukan dalam satu sel atau mahluk hidup (organisme), bahkan dari satu mahluk hidup ke mahluk hidup lain yang berbeda jenisnya (Uzogara, 2000;Small, 2004;Montaldo, 2006;Alberts et al, 2008;Sudjadi, 2008;Artanti et al, 2010;Asaye et al, 2014;Pramashinta et al, 2014). Mahluk hidup yang materi genetiknya telah dimanipulasi secara artifisial di laboratorium melalui rekayasa genetika disebut dengan mahluk hidup transgenic atau rekayasa genetika mahluk hidup (genetically modified organism/GMO) yang memiliki sifat unggul dibandingkan dengan mahluk hidup asalnya (Lotter, 2008;Marinho et al, 2012).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Tujuan utama pengembangan GMO adalah untuk mengatasi berbagai masalah kekurangan pangan yang dihadapi penduduk dunia yang tidak mampu dipecahkan secara konvensional, karena pertumbuhan penduduk yang begitu cepat (Amin et al, 2010;Azadi dan Peter, 2010;Artanti et al, 2010;Marinho et al, 2012;Pramashinta et al, 2014). Namun dalam pengembangannya sampai saat ini, GMO masih menimbulkan pro kontra (kontroversi) di tengah-tengah masyarakat dunia, baik yang terjadi di negara dimana GMO dikembangkan maupun di negaranegara pengguna produk GMO.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Kontroversi Produk Rekayasa Genetika Yang Dikonsumsi Masyarakat

bio¹

2014

JBT

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ABSTRAKRekayasa genetika adalah transplantasi satu gen ke gen lainnya baik antara gen danlintas gen untuk menghasilkan produk yang berguna bagi mahluk hidup hidup. Padaawalnya, rekayasa genetika hanya dilakukan pada tanaman untuk memecahkankekurangan pangan penduduk dunia, dan dalam pengembangannya rekayasa genetikatidak hanya berlaku untuk tanaman dan hewan yang serupa, tetapi telah berevolusi padamanusia dan lintas jenis. Prinsip dasar teknologi rekayasa genetika adalah memanipulasiperubahan komposisi asam nukleat DNA atau menyelipkan gen baru ke dalam strukturDNA mahluk hidup penerima, hal ini berarti bahwa gen yang disisipkan pada mahlukhidup penerima dapat berasal dari mahluk hidup lain. Saat ini, penyebaran danpenggunaan produk rekayasa genetika telah mengundang kontroversi masyarakat, olehkarena itu tulisan ini bertujuan untuk meninjau kontroversi rekayasa genetika mahlukhidup pada beberapa aspek kehidupan masyarakat.Kata Kunci: gekayasa genetika, gen, DNA, GMO, kontroversi.CONTROVERSY OF GENETIC ENGINEERINGPRODUCT CONSUMED SOCIETYABSTRACTGenetic engineering is a transplant of one gene to an other gene both between genesand gene cross to produce a useful product for living organisms. At first, geneticengineering was only conducted on plant to solve the food’s lack for world population,and it does not only apply to the plants and animals are similar in its development, but ithas evolved in humans and cross types. The basic principle of genetic engineeringtechnology is manipulating the composition changes of the nucleic acid of DNA ortucking new genes into the DNA structure of the recipient organisms, this means thatinserted genes on a recipient organism can be derived from the other organisms. Today,the deployment and use of genetically modified organisms have been inviting society'scontroversy, therefore this paper aims to review the controversy for genetically modifiedorganism (GMO) on several aspects of community life.Keywords: genetic engineering, gene, DNA, GMO, controversy.

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“…This soybean line has been genetically modified by the introduction and expression of the pat gene, which confers tolerance to herbicides containing the active ingredient glufosinate ammonium. GM soybean line A2704-12 has been approved for cultivation for feed and food in the major soybean producing countries, such as China, Brazil, Argentina, and the US (Ma et al, 2011a;Marinho et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-throughput, low-cost, and event-specific polymerase chain reaction detection of herbicide tolerance in genetically modified soybean A2704-12

Ma¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to develop an event-specific qualitative and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for detection of herbicide-tolerance genetically modified (GM) soybean A2704-12. The event-specific PCR primers were designed, based on the 5'-flanking integration sequence in the soybean genome, to amplify the 239-bp target fragment. Employing the same event-specific primers, qualitative PCR and real-time quantitative PCR detection methods were successfully developed. The results showed that the A2704-12 event could be specifically distinguished from other GM soybean events. In the qualitative PCR assay, the limit of detection was 0.05%, and in the real-time quantitative PCR assay, the limit of detection was less than 0.01%. Moreover, our genomic DNA (gDNA) extraction protocol is highthroughput, safe, and low-cost. The event-specific PCR assay system is costefficient by using SYBR Green I in real-time PCR, and by using the same primers in both the qualitative and quantitative PCR assays. We therefore developed a high-throughput, low-cost, and event-specific qualitative and quantitative PCR detection method for GM soybean A2704-12. The method would be useful for market supervision and management of GM soybean A2704-12 due to its high specificity and sensitivity.

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Use of transgenic seeds in Brazilian agriculture and concentration of agricultural production to large agribusinesses

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

The Brazilian Cerrado: assessment of water and soil degradation in catchments under intensive agricultural use

The Brazilian Cerrado: assessment of water and soil degradation in catchments under intensive agricultural use

Kontroversi Produk Rekayasa Genetika Yang Dikonsumsi Masyarakat

High-throughput, low-cost, and event-specific polymerase chain reaction detection of herbicide tolerance in genetically modified soybean A2704-12

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