Use of Tracers For Soil And Fertilizer Nitrogen Research

Hauck, R. D.; Bremner, J. M.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60556-8

Cited by 514 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Most of these experiments continued for weeks or months before the system was analysed for 15N distribution. Woldendorp et al (1965) propose that, rather than net immobilisation, 15N incorporation into soil organic matter of grassland soils is, at least initially, largely due to microbial turnover (see also Hauck & Bremner 1976). It would appear that rapid turnover in the [E'adily mineralisabk pool was at least partly re' sponsible for the IoN incorporation in the soil traction of the urea and ammonium sulphilte trear· ments reported here, since the atom % 15N excess of the inorganic N fraction declined, and the organic 15N increased with time in th.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normal abundance (0.366 at % 15N) was assumed in calculating the results. Calculations were as outlined by Hauck & Bremner (1976).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, immobilisation t Permanent address: Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, U.S.A. Received 25 August 1978;revision 21 February 1978 and plant uptake, as well as total mass balance, can be more accurately evaluated with 15N, especially if a large background pool size (e,g., the soil organic N fraction) is involved (Hauck & Bremner 1976). Unfortunately, the high expense of 15N limits the size of plots used in field experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-term cycling of¹⁵N-urea in a ryegrass—white clover pasture

Keeney

Macgregor

1978

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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A field 15N microplot experiment was conducted to determine the fate of urine N (simulated by J5N urea added at c. 300 kg N/ha) under dry summer conditions in a soil growing a ryegrass (Lolium perenne)-white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture. Ammonium sulphat~ a'1d potassium nitrate treatments also were included. The amounts and JoN distribution oi inOiganic N, soil organic N, and plant top and root N were determined at 1, 3, 7, and 22 days after initiation of the experiment. Quantitative recovery of I5N was obtained on day 1, indicating minimal volatilisation losses of NH3 from the urea-treated plots. However, volatilised NH3-N may have been absorbed by the plant canopy, since I5N recovery wa,. higner in the herbage from the urea-treated than from the ammonium sulphate-treated plots Apparent 15N immobilisation was rapid with the urea and ammonium sulphate treatments b1Jt much less with the potassium nitrate treatment. Evidence indicated that with the formet two sources of N, immobilisation was due at least in part to microbial turnover. Plant uptake of I;jN increased with time, and was 19.4%, 10.6%, and 5.7% of the added 15N by 22 days with the urea, ammonium sulphate, and potassium nitrate treatments, respectively. By 22 days, IoN recovery was about 89%, 61 %, and 70% for the urea, ammonium sulphate, and potassium nitrate treatments, respectively. Some nitrate was leached from the potassium nitrate treated plots early in the experiment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normal abundance (0.366 at % 15N) was assumed in calculating the results. Calculations were as outlined by Hauck & Bremner (1976).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-term cycling of¹⁵N-urea in a ryegrass—white clover pasture

Keeney

Macgregor

1978

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…Moreover, within the framework of a trial, we conducted an in-depth study to determine the N fertiliser recovery of durum wheat (% 15 NREC, i.e. percentage of the N added as fertiliser that was recovered by the crop) (Hauck and Bremner, 1976) with the different treatments, calculated as follows: (1) where: Nfert is the amount of N applied; Ntotal is the amount of aboveground N yield from durum wheat; atom% 15 N and atom% 15 Nfert represent the atom% 15 N excess of durum wheat and of fertiliser.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation tillage in a semiarid Mediterranean environment: results of 20 years of research

Ruisi¹,

Giambalvo²,

Saia³

et al. 2014

Ital J Agronomy

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Conservation tillage techniques are becoming increasingly popular worldwide as they have the potential to generate environmental, agronomic, and economic benefits. In Mediterranean areas, studies performed on the effects of conservation tillage [in comparison with the conventional tillage technique (CT)] on grain yield of cereal crops have reported contradictory results as well as considerable year-to-year variation, demonstrating how the impact of different soil tillage techniques on crop productivity is strongly site-specific. The present paper summarises the main results from a set of experiments carried out in Sicily during the last 20 years in which we compared no tillage (NT) to CT in terms of their respective effects on the productivity and quality of durum wheat, while at the same time varying some other crop management practices (e.g. crop sequence, N fertilisation, wheat genotype, sowing time). On average, no differences were observed between the two tillage techniques; yields were 3.84 and 3.87 Mg ha -1 for CT and NT, respectively. However, NT guaranteed superior yield when water stress during the crop cycle was high, whereas CT led to higher yields when water availability was adequate. Moreover, the results suggest that the use of NT needs to be accompanied by a rational crop sequence. In fact, a cumulative detrimental effect of NT over time was found for continuous wheat. Finally, grain quality in terms of protein content was slightly higher for CT (15.1%) than NT (14.4%). Thus, when using NT, the rate of nitrogen fertiliser application should be increased to offset this difference.

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“…With regard to the purchase cost of these products, the price of the labeled compound is lower for the radioisotope (Hauck and Bremner 1976). However, experiments where 13 N is used are extremely difficult to conduct, and the results obtained may be misleading (Knowles and Blackburn 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

15N-labed glycine synthesis

Tavares

Bendassolli

Coelho

et al. 2006

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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This work describes a method for 15 N-isotope-labeled glycine synthesis, as well as details about a recovery line for nitrogen residues. To that effect, amination of α-haloacids was performed, using carboxylic chloroacetic acid and labeled aqueous ammonia ( 15 NH 3 ). Special care was taken to avoid possible 15 NH 3 losses, since its production cost is high. In that respect, although the purchase cost of the 13 N-labeled compound (radioactive) is lower, the stable tracer produced constitutes an important tool for N cycling studies in living organisms, also minimizing labor and environmental hazards, as well as time limitation problems in field studies. The tests were carried out with three replications, and variable 15 NH 3 (aq) volumes in the reaction were used (50, 100, and 150 mL), in order to calibrate the best operational condition; glycine masses obtained were 1.7, 2, and 3.2 g, respectively. With the development of a system for 15 NH 3 recovery, it was possible to recover 71, 83, and 87% of the ammonia initially used in the synthesis. With the required adaptations, the same system was used to recover methanol, and 75% of the methanol initially used in the amino acid purification process were recovered.

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Use of Tracers For Soil And Fertilizer Nitrogen Research

Cited by 514 publications

References 111 publications

Short-term cycling of¹⁵N-urea in a ryegrass—white clover pasture

Short-term cycling of¹⁵N-urea in a ryegrass—white clover pasture

Conservation tillage in a semiarid Mediterranean environment: results of 20 years of research

15N-labed glycine synthesis

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Use of Tracers For Soil And Fertilizer Nitrogen Research

Cited by 514 publications

References 111 publications

Short-term cycling of15N-urea in a ryegrass—white clover pasture

Short-term cycling of15N-urea in a ryegrass—white clover pasture

Conservation tillage in a semiarid Mediterranean environment: results of 20 years of research

15N-labed glycine synthesis

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Short-term cycling of¹⁵N-urea in a ryegrass—white clover pasture

Short-term cycling of¹⁵N-urea in a ryegrass—white clover pasture