Conservation tillage in a semiarid Mediterranean environment: results of 20 years of research

Ruisi, Paolo; Giambalvo, Dario; Saia, Sergio; Miceli, Giuseppe Di; Frenda, Alfonso Salvatore; Plaia, Antonella; Amato, Gaetano

doi:10.4081/ija.2014.560

Cited by 44 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The percent recovery of 15 N fertilizer of the weed-free wheat was on average 33.9%. The values recorded in this experiment are comparable to those obtained in Tunisia by Sanaa et al ( 1992 ), in Syria by Pilbeam et al ( 1997 ), and in Italy by Giambalvo et al ( 2010 ) and by Ruisi et al ( 2014 ). López-Bellido et al ( 2006 ), in a study performed in Spain on durum wheat, reported values of labeled 15 N fertilizer recovery ranging from 12.7% when applied at sowing to 41.6% when applied as top dressing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Nitrogen uptake and nitrogen fertilizer recovery in old and modern wheat genotypes grown in the presence or absence of interspecific competition

Ruisi

Frangipane²,

Amato

et al. 2015

Front. Plant Sci.

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Choosing genotypes with a high capacity for taking up nitrogen (N) from the soil and the ability to efficiently compete with weeds for this nutrient is essential to increasing the sustainability of cropping systems that are less dependent on auxiliary inputs. This research aimed to verify whether differences exist in N uptake and N fertilizer recovery capacity among wheat genotypes and, if so, whether these differences are related to a different competitive ability against weeds of wheat genotypes. To this end, 12 genotypes, varying widely in morphological traits and year of release, were grown in the presence or absence of interspecific competition (using Avena sativa L. as a surrogate weed). Isotopic tracer 15N was used to measure the fertilizer N uptake efficiencies of the wheat genotypes and weed. A field experiment, a split-plot design with four replications, was conducted during two consecutive growing seasons in a typical Mediterranean environment. In the absence of interspecific competition, few differences in either total N uptake (range: 98–112 kg N ha−1) or the 15N fertilizer recovery fraction (range: 30.0–36.7%) were observed among the wheat genotypes. The presence of competition, compared to competitor-free conditions, resulted in reductions in grain yield (49%), total N uptake (29%), and an 15N fertilizer recovery fraction (32%) that were on average markedly higher in modern varieties than in old ones. Both biomass and grain reductions were strongly related to the biomass of the competitor (correlation coefficients > 0.95), which ranged from 135 to 573 g m−2. Variations in both grain and biomass yield due to interspecific competition were significantly correlated with percentage of soil cover and leaf area at tillering, plant height at heading, and total N uptake, thus highlighting that the ability to take up N from the soil played a certain role in determining the different competitive abilities against weed of the genotypes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Nitrogen uptake and nitrogen fertilizer recovery in old and modern wheat genotypes grown in the presence or absence of interspecific competition

Ruisi

Frangipane²,

Amato

et al. 2015

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…However, other studies have found that the tillage system has no effect on wheat grain protein content (Carr et al 2003;Gürsoy et al 2010). Rice et al (1986) sug-gested that low availability of N frequently observed in NT soils can sometimes be a transient effect, as observed also in other long-term experiments (Amato et al 2013;Ruisi et al 2014). It has been suggested for these reasons a supplemental (10-20%) N application in the NT systems during the conversion (2-3 years) period from CT to NT systems (Ferreira et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of tillage systems in durum wheat under rainfed Mediterranean conditions

Colecchia¹,

Vita²,

Rinaldi³

2015

Cereal Research Communications

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A 2-year conservation agriculture experiment was conducted in Southern Italy on durum wheat continuous cropping. Aim of the research was to assess the durum wheat productivity and grain quality in reduced soil tillage systems, according to conservation agriculture principles. The interactions among experimental treatments and climate revealed a close relationship among grain yield, grain quality and wheat growth conditions. Specifically, conventional tillage (CT, plowing and 2 disc harrowing) showed in the 2-year period higher grain production than reduced tillage treatments, minimum (MT, 1 disc harrowing) and No tillage (NT), especially for good crop water availability (3.29 t ha -1 of grain yield in CT, 2.67 in MT and 2.54 in NT). The amount of rainfall (above the average in both years) and its distribution in the growing seasons (more regular in the first year) strongly influenced wheat-grain quality indices (11.97% of protein content in the first year and 9.82% in the second one). Also, the wheat quality resulted more sensitive to the "Year × Tillage" interaction, with differences among tillages more evident in the second year and favourable to NT and MT. Spectral vegetation indexes (NDVI and TVI) measurements at flowering, have been shown to be useful to support farmers in N-late application for improving grain wheat quality. From this experiment carried out during the conversion period and in wet years, wheat managed with CT resulted in higher grain yield and quality, while only test weight showed a significant "Year × Tillage" interaction. Further indications emerged on the need to supply additional (10-20%) seed amount at sowing and crop nitrogen fertilizer in the first transition years in reduced tillage systems compared to conventional ones.

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“…The purpose of cultivation is to create optimal conditions for plants to produce a high grain yield. However, opinions about tillage systems are ambiguous, and the effects of cultivation depend on habitat conditions and sown plants [7,9,[24][25][26]. As reported by Morris et al [19], plant performance depends on many habitat and agrotechnical factors affecting each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tillage Systems on the Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat Grain and Soil Properties

Woźniak

Rachoń

2020

Agriculture

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This study aimed to evaluate the yield and quality of winter wheat grain and soil properties in three tillage systems (TS): (1) Conventional (CT), (2) reduced (RT), and (3) no-tillage (NT). In the CT system, shallow ploughing (at a depth of 10–12 cm from soil surface) and pre-sow ploughing (at a depth of 18–22 cm from soil surface) were performed after the harvest of the previous crop (peas). In the RT system, the shallow ploughing was replaced by field cultivation, whereas pre-sow ploughing was by a tillage unit. In the NT system, a herbicide treatment with glyphosate (4 L ha−1) replaced the ploughing measures, whereas a tillage unit including a cultivator, a string roller, and a harrow was used before wheat sowing. Higher wheat yields were recorded in CT than in NT (by 4.3%) and in 2016 compared to 2015 (by 23.4%). The tillage system differentiated spike number m−2, whereas study years affected spike number m−2, grain weight per spike, and 1000 grain weight. Study years also influenced all quality traits of the grain, whereas tillage systems—only grain uniformity and ash content of the grain. A less uniform grain with a higher ash content was produced in NT than in CT and RT systems. Organic C content in the soil was higher in NT than in CT and RT systems. In turn, total nitrogen and phosphorus contents were higher in the soil from NT and RT than CT, whereas potassium and magnesium contents—in RT and NT compared to the CT system.

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Conservation tillage in a semiarid Mediterranean environment: results of 20 years of research

Cited by 44 publications

References 40 publications

Nitrogen uptake and nitrogen fertilizer recovery in old and modern wheat genotypes grown in the presence or absence of interspecific competition

Nitrogen uptake and nitrogen fertilizer recovery in old and modern wheat genotypes grown in the presence or absence of interspecific competition

Effects of tillage systems in durum wheat under rainfed Mediterranean conditions

Effect of Tillage Systems on the Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat Grain and Soil Properties

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