Use of the Safety Factor and Margin of Safety in Motorcyclist Accident Risk Management

Abstract

Deceleration rate, time to collision and impact speed have been commonly employed as accident risk indicators. However, it is hard to assess the level of accident risk since these indicators have not been developed with measurable score criteria. This study focuses on the determination of measurable risk indicators which could be used to assess accident risk level and to determine more appropriate accident risk management strategies by using the descriptive qualitative approach. The data were collected from a braking maneuver test conducted on a dry and level closed circuit course. Risk was a function of accident probability and its possible consequences, while accident probability was determined based on the safety factor, i.e. the ratio of available stopping sight distance (ASSD) to minimum SSD (MSSD), which was used to determine the margin of safety. Subsequently, accident consequence was determined using the impact speed at a predicted point of collision along the braking distance path. The results show that accident risk could be easily determined using the proposed indicators, whilst an objective and appropriate accident risk management strategy could be determined based on the minimum margin of safety value which could be obtained from each risk exposure.

Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) in the Evaluation of Outpatient Medication Errors

“…This situation is coupled with the lack of rest time during shifts, combined with a lack of sleep, which trigger fatigue amongst the workers. Fatigue has also been commonly found as the cause of accidents in other fields, such as in road transportation (Zuraida et al, 2017;da Costa et al, 2018).…”

Risiko Kecelakaan Sepeda Motor Pada Simpang Prioritas

“…Saat menurunkan gigi persneling ini mesin kendaraan membuat laju kendaraan melambat (engine brake force) sebesar 1,6 m/det 2 . Sementara itu, setelah pengemudi sepeda motor memutuskan mengerem kendaraannya, perlambatan yang terjadi (deceleration rate caused by brake) sebesar 6,75 m/det 2 dengan deviasi standar 2,12 m/det 2 (Costa et al, 2018b).…”

“…Sebelum membuat keputusan atas gangguan yang muncul di depannya, pengemudi membutuhkan waktu reaksi untuk mempercepat, memperlambat, menghentikan, atau melakukan manuver untuk menghindar. Waktu reaksi pengemudi sepeda motor di Yogyakarta adalah sebesar 0,53 detik dengan deviasi standar 0,23 detik (Costa et al, 2018b). Pada rentang waktu reaksi ini, kendaraan melaju dengan dengan kecepatan dan percepatan atau perlambatan yang sama dengan dengan kecepatan dan percepatan atau perlambatan saat pengemudi melihat objek.…”

Use of Systematic Approach in Accident Risk Analysis for Motorcyclists: A Conceptual Idea

“…Accordingly, since the delay time was approximately 2 minutes, some motorcyclists became impatient and insisted on crossing the intersection speculatively depending on the distance to the nearest upcoming vehicles and their predicted approaching speed. Average critical crossing gap choices of 20 m [25] occurred due to this drawback and speculative situations, but only when the average approaching speed was around 40-60 km/h. The distance to the nearest upcoming vehicles is referred to as the available SSD, which can be used to determine the safety factor (SF).…”