Use of the Product from Low Pressure Extraction (Crambe Seed Oil and Methyl Acetate) for Synthesis of Methyl Esters and Triacetin Under Supercritical Conditions

Abstract

Methyl esters (ME) and triacetin production from the supercritical interesterification of the product from low pressure extraction (crambe seed oil and methyl acetate) are evaluated. Reactions are conducted at 300-375°C for different residence times, at 20 MPa, and under these conditions the thermal stability of triacetin is evaluated. The effect of the free fatty acid (FFA) concentration (in oil) is determined. An increase in temperature favors the formation of ME and triacetin at shorter reaction times. At 375°C, after 15 min a drop in the ME yield is observed and triacetin is not detected. A reduction in the triacetin concentration (reaching ≈99%) is observed at 375°C. High FFA concentration (in oil) initially provided higher product generation, however, after 15 min no influence is observed. The highest ME yield (≈60%) is obtained at 300°C, along with 1.22 wt% triacetin and ≈5.0 wt% unreacted compounds. Practical Applications: This paper reports new experimental data on an integrated process for the production of methyl esters from low pressure extraction (crambe seeds and methyl acetate) and supercritical reaction of the extraction mixture. The technique used allows the removal of a high quantity of oil from good quality crambe seeds. The viability of applying the integrated process to obtain oils with a high content of free fatty acids is verified, promoting the obtainment of relatively simple methyl esters. The procedure does not require oil purification and solvent recovery prior to the reaction.

Flavonoids from mulberry leaves inhibit fat production and improve fatty acid distribution in adipose tissue in finishing pigs

“…To determine the fatty acid composition of the DSA, ASA, and visceral adipose tissues, lipids were extracted from approximately 0.5 g of adipose tissue using chloroform. Lipid methyl esters were obtained by saponification with 2 mL hexane, 40 μL methyl acetate, and 100 μL sodium methoxide solution ( Postaue et al., 2020 ). Next, the fatty acids were analyzed using an Agilent 7890A Gas Chromatograph (Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) with a chromatographic column, according to the method previously described by Liu et al.…”

The isolation and characterization of lipid compounds from black soldier fly larvae

“…However, there were variations in the percentages of different lipid compounds among the different feedstocks. [44][45][46] For instance, a study conducted by Gunawan et al [44] focused on fractionating Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil using a continuous counter current extraction method with hexane and methanol as solvents. The results of that study indicated a high content of TAG (63.91%), which was higher than the findings in this current study.…”