Use of the process dissociation procedure to study the contextual effects on face recognition in schizophrenia: Familiarity, associative recollection and discriminative recollection

Target-context unitization effect on the familiarity-related FN400: A face recognition exclusion task

“…However, performance was better in the old target condition than in the old nontarget condition on both tasks. This response conflict difference, generally observed in exclusion tasks (e.g., Bridson et al, 2006;Guillaume et al, 2007), was confirmed by the difference in reaction times between target and non-target conditions (see Table 1). …”

Perceptually or conceptually driven recognition: On the specificities of the memory deficit in schizophrenia

“…While the Remember/Know procedure (Gardiner, 1988) has been the most used in this context, alternative methods such as the process-dissociation procedure (PDP), which contrasts situations of inclusion and exclusion (Jacoby, 1991) or receiver operating characteristics (ROCs: e.g., Yonelinas, 1994) based on confidence judgments have been also used. These studies have revealed not only recollection deficits, but also familiarity deficits in schizophrenia (Martin et al, 2004(Martin et al, , 2011Thoma et al, 2006;Guillaume et al, 2007;Ragland et al, 2012). In their recent meta-analysis, Libby et al (2013) the data from 19 different studies, using the same metric and taking into account potential confounds such as response bias and nonindependence, also revealed that schizophrenia affects both retrieval processes.…”

“…This reduced integration could be a bias toward perceptual priming because patients with schizophrenia suffer from a degraded ability to construct and maintain an internal representation of context (Schwartz et al, 1991;Cohen and Servan-Schreiber, 1992;Amoruso et al, 2012). Consequently, patients would present a familiarity deficit in tasks that rely on associative and conceptual familiarity (Waters et al, 2004;Talamini and Meeter, 2009) and the recollection deficit can be understood in terms of the contextual account (Bazin and Perruchet, 1996;Bazin et al, 2000;Meissner et al, 2001;Guillaume et al, 2007).…”

Categorical perception of familiarity: Evidence for a hyper-familiarity in schizophrenia

“…A correlation between positive symptoms and excess of recognition (reflected by false alarms when patients were presented with unfamiliar faces) has previously been observed in a study based on the discrimination between familiarity and recollection (Guillaume et al, 2007). In this study, the authors postulated that the greater facility to accept a stimulus as familiar reflects the loosening of associations that characterize the disorganization of SZP (Guillaume et al, 2007). However, familiarity disorders are delusional disorders that are not specific to SZP but may occur in affective or organic illnesses (Klein and Hirachan, 2014) that are not characterized by a disorganization.…”

“…Nevertheless, other studies shown that SZP suffer from a deficit in familiarity processing Martin et al, 2004;Guillaume et al, 2007, Weiss et al, 2008. To explain this deficit, Weiss et al (2008) postulated that SZP may present familiarity impairment because of an absence of rapid "novelty signal.…”