Use of the Artificial Neural Networks to Estimate the DRF for Eurocode 8

Abstract

The damping reduction factor (DRF) IntroductionIn the most seismic codes throughout the world, the response spectrum is given for a damping ratio ξ = 5%. Civil structures, however, may have different values of damping. As a result, the 5% response spectrum should be adjusted to other damping levels through a correction factor to evaluate the spectral response for any damping l.Different symbols are cited in the literature to identify this correction factor. For instance, DCF "Damping Correction Factor" is used in [1-4], "Damping reduction factor" is used by [5][6][7][8][9], and several other researchers. "Damping modification factor" is used in [10][11][12][13]. Other terminologies that have seen in the literature include: damping adjustment factor, response spectrum amplification factor, and the damping scaling factor. In this study, we adopt the term Damping Reduction Factor (DRF).This factor has been studied by a number of researchers. Moreover, many expressions were given to this factor as a function of many parameters, damping only [3,4,[14][15][16], Damping and period [6,[17][18][19][20][21], or other parameters Duration, Soil conditions, Distance, Magnitude).One of the first systematic methods, for adjusting 5%-damped spectra to other levels of damping, was the pioneer work of Newmark and Hall [22] where their results inspired many seismic codes and Norms. It was based on only 28 records from 9 earthquakes prior to 1973. This work is the basis for most U.S. building codes. They divided their results of damping reduction factors into three parts: the acceleration-, velocity-, and displacement-sensitive regions, respectively. The model of Newmark and Hall is only applicable for ξ < 20% and for T in the range 0.125-10 sec. In Lin and Chang [6], a total of 1053 earthquake acceleration time histories from 102 earthquakes recorded in the United States of America. They concluded that the damping reduction factors are functions of the structural period and the damping ratio. Its applicability is ξ -2-50 % and T 0.01-10 sec.Hatzigeorgiou [12] in his paper proposed a new method to estimate DRF of SDOF systems on the basis of empirical expressions obtained after extensive parametric studies. The influence of viscous damping ratio, period of vibration, soil type conditions and ground motion type (natural near-and

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