Use of the 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression Assessment in Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Willborn, Robert J.; Barnacle, Mykell; Maack, Brody; Petry, Natasha; Werremeyer, Amy; Strand, Mark

doi:10.3928/02793695-20151109-01

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Connection between depression and chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, using the Patient Health Questionaire (PHQ-9) was tested around the world 11,12 , but similar study has not been done in Montenegro. These studies are important because the chronic patients are at the increased risk of developing depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with depression in the patients with diabetes mellitus type 2

Šabanović¹,

Maksimović

Stojanović-Tasić³

et al. 2019

VOJNOSANIT PREGL

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Background/Aim. The assessment of association of depression and diabetes mellitus type 2 using the Patient Health Questionaire (PHQ-9) has not been done in Montenegro. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to identify the risk factors associated with the presence of depression. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the General Hospital in Bijelo Polje, from July to September, 2015. It included 70 patients over 35 years of age with the diagnosis of diabetes for at least six months. For the assessment of depression presence and intensity PHQ-9 was used. All variables associated with the presence of depression at a significance level of p < 0.05 were included into the final method of the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results. Comorbidities were statistically significant more frequent among patients with depression (χ 2 = 5.40; p = 0.020). Duration of diabetes over five years was significantly associated with depression (χ 2 = 12.48; p < 0.001). Depression occurred more frequently among physically inactive subjects (χ 2 = 10.74; p = 0.005). The presence of diabetic polyneuropathy (χ 2 = 6.04; p = 0.014) and cataract (χ 2 = 5.351; p = 0.021) were also significantly associated with depression. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of diabetes over five years and presence of cataract were independently associated with depression. Conclusion. The risk factors for depression among the subjects with diabetes were disease duration more than five years and the presence of cataract. Since depression is a serious disease and can be a risk factor for many chronic diseases, the best way of prevention is its early detection and treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies are important because the chronic patients are at the increased risk of developing depression. PHQ-9 is a brief, standardized questionnaire for the rapid screening, diagnosing, monitoring and measuring the severity of depression in primary health care 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with depression in the patients with diabetes mellitus type 2

Šabanović¹,

Maksimović

Stojanović-Tasić³

et al. 2019

VOJNOSANIT PREGL

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“…One suggested method to increase depression recognition is to screen for this in all adults attending primary care (14, 15) and/or looking more intently for the presence of depression in those with specific medical conditions (16, 17). Indeed, a recent US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation was that screening for depression should occur in primary care for all adults who have not been screened previously (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression Outcomes in Adults Attending Family Practice Were Not Improved by Screening, Stepped-Care, or Online CBT during a 12-Week Study when Compared to Controls in a Randomized Trial

et al. 2017

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There is uncertainty regarding possible benefits of screening for depression in family practice, as well as the most effective treatment approach when depression is identified. Here, we examined whether screening patients for depression in primary care, and then treating them with different modalities, was better than treatment-as-usual (TAU) alone. Screening was carried out for depression using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with a score of ≥10 indicating significant depressive symptoms. PHQ-9 scores were given to family physicians prior to patients being seen (except for the Control group). Patients (n = 1,489) were randomized to one of four groups. Group #1 were controls (n = 432) in which PHQ-9 was administered, but results were not shared. Group #2 was screening followed by TAU (n = 426). Group #3 was screening followed by both TAU and the opportunity to use an online cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment program (n = 440). Group #4 utilized an evidence-based Stepped-care pathway for depression (n = 191, note that this was not available at all clinics). Of the study sample 889 (60%) completed a second PHQ-9 rating at 12 weeks. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline PHQ-9 scores between these groups. Compared to baseline, mean PHQ-9 scores decreased significantly in the depressed patients over 12 weeks, but there were no statistically significant differences between any groups at 12 weeks. Thus, for those who were depressed at baseline Control group (Group #1) scores decreased from 15.3 ± 4.2 to 4.0 ± 2.6 (p < 0.001), Screening group (Group #2) scores decreased from 15.5 ± 3.9 to 4.6 ± 3.0 (p < 0.001), Online CBT group (Group #3) scores decreased from 15.4 ± 3.8 to 3.4 ± 2.7 (p < 0.01), and the Stepped-care pathway group (Group #4) scores decreased from 15.3 ± 3.6 to 5.4 ± 2.8 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings from this controlled randomized study do not suggest that using depression screening tools in family practice improves outcomes. They also suggest that much of the depression seen in primary care spontaneously resolves and do not support suggestions that more complex treatment programs or pathways improve depression outcomes in primary care. Replication studies are required due to study limitations.

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Response to the Letter to the Editor From Dr. Kawada, “Depressive Symptoms, Diabetes Distress and Serum Hemoglobin A1C in South Asians With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Living in Canada”

Sidhu

Tang

2018

Canadian Journal of Diabetes

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Use of the 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression Assessment in Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Factors associated with depression in the patients with diabetes mellitus type 2

Factors associated with depression in the patients with diabetes mellitus type 2

Depression Outcomes in Adults Attending Family Practice Were Not Improved by Screening, Stepped-Care, or Online CBT during a 12-Week Study when Compared to Controls in a Randomized Trial

Response to the Letter to the Editor From Dr. Kawada, “Depressive Symptoms, Diabetes Distress and Serum Hemoglobin A1C in South Asians With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Living in Canada”

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