Use of surfactants in cellulose nanowhisker/epoxy nanocomposites: effect on filler dispersion and system properties

Emami, Zahra; Meng, Qingkai; Pircheraghi, Gholamreza; Manas‐Zloczower, Ica

doi:10.1007/s10570-015-0728-6

Cited by 44 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…b). The improved thermal stability of other CNC/S is attributed to the higher thermal stability of the surfactant itself and to surface coverage of CNC by surfactant, which prevents nanocrystals from fast degradation . The CNC/PEGMONO showed the best thermal stability among CNC/S, as it had the highest thermal stability among the studied surfactants (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Influence of morphology and dispersion stability of CNC modified with ethylene oxide derivatives on mechanical properties of PLA‐based nanocomposites

et al. 2018

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The aggregation state of cellulose nanocrystals modified with surfactants (CNC/S) in water and CNC/S powder dispersion stability in chloroform were studied and correlated with mechanical properties of nanocomposites with poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Four types of nonionic surfactants were used: PEG 300, PEG 1000, poly(ethylene glycol) monooleate, and Pluronic® L44 (PL44). The CNC/PL44 showed the smallest size of CNC aggregates dispersed in water before freeze‐drying, as determined by atomic force microscopy. The respective powder also showed the lowest decay rate of relative turbidity among CNC/S dispersions in chloroform. This, together with the improved surface coverage of CNC by PL44, verified by zeta potential (large change in the zeta potential of CNC/S dispersion in chloroform) and thermogravimetric analysis (improved thermal stability of CNC/S powder), yielded the highest tensile strength at break (TS) among PLA/CNC/S nanocomposites. Despite none of surfactants produced nanocomposites with TS higher than PLA or PLA/CNC, the aggregation state of CNC/S in water is well correlated with mechanical properties of PLA/CNC/S nanocomposites prepared by solvent casting. This correlation indicates that hornification cannot be avoided for the conditions used to prepare CNC/S powder and that there are two opposite effects in preparation of PLA/CNC/S nanocomposites. First, the effectiveness of steric barrier of nonionic surfactants against aggregation during freeze‐drying depends on complete surface coverage of CNC, together with hydration of stabilizing chain. Since hydration depends on hydrophilicity of stabilizing chain and compatibility with PLA depends on its nonpolar nature, this strategy alone seems not to be efficient to produce high‐performance nanocomposites. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E399–E408, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Influence of morphology and dispersion stability of CNC modified with ethylene oxide derivatives on mechanical properties of PLA‐based nanocomposites

et al. 2018

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“…52 Recently, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized NCC whiskers were dispersed using Pluronic surfactants (Pluronic L61 and L121) for fabrication of epoxy nanocomposites. 53 The use of Acetylation and esterification p0110 Acetylation and esterification of NCC have been carried out using a number of methods. In one of these techniques, acetylation was performed by treating fibrous as well as homogeneous NCC with acetic anhydride and acetic acid.…”

Section: Dispersion Of Micro-and Nanocellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Macro- and nanodimensional plant fiber reinforcements for cementitious composites

Parveen

Rana

Fangueiro

2017

Sustainable and Nonconventional Construction Materials Using Inorganic Bonded Fiber Composites

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“…The addition of surfactants may also improve the compatibility between hydrophobic matrices and cellulose [42] [278]- [280]. Hubble et al [42] proposed that the use of a surfactant would increase the matrix-cellulose compatibility in nanocomposites.…”

Section: Compatibility Between Cellulose Nanofillers and Polymer Matrmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Cellulose Nanofillers in Obtaining Polymer Nanocomposites: Properties, Processing, and Applications

Santos¹,

Iulianelli²,

Tavares³

2016

MSA

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In recent years, several studies have been performed using nanocellulose as a component in polymeric nanocomposites. The interest in studying cellulose-based nanocomposite is due to the abundance, renewable nature, and outstanding mechanical properties of this nanoparticle. However, obtaining nanocomposites based on nanocellulose, with optimal properties, requires good nanoparticle dispersion in the polymeric matrix. The chemical compatibility between nanofiller and polymer plays a major role in both the dispersion of particles in the matrix and the adhesion between these phases. The aim of this review is to present the fundamental concepts about nanocellulose, such as its structural aspects, production methods and current trends in classification, and the main aspects about cellulose-based nanocomposites, including the progress that has been reached in relation to their compatibilization, production, final properties and potential applications. F. A. dos Santos et al. 258 properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low cost among others [4]. These properties provide a great potential for use in applications from plastic bags and packaging to biomedical fields, including bone plates, fixation screws or sutures. However, to replace petroleum-based thermoplastics, biopolymers need to have comparable properties and processing methods to those conventionally used. In order to improve their properties, many biopolymers have been used in the preparation of nanocomposites [1].Similar to conventional composites, nanocomposites are composed of at least two components; one of them is the matrix or continuous phase, in which nanosized particles are dispersed. These nanosized particles or nanoparticles constitute the second phase, referred to as the dispersed phase. Polymer nanocomposites are a recent alternative to conventionally filled polymers. Due to the reduced size of dispersed phase and its good dispersion in the polymer matrix, these materials exhibit markedly improved properties when compared to the pure polymers or their traditional composites [5]. They also exhibit unique optical, electrical, and magnetic properties [6].Biopolymers, such as chitin, starch, and cellulose, can be employed as reinforcement filler or as matrix in the production of nanocomposites [2]. Cellulose is one of the best natural materials to generate nanofillers for producing nanocomposites that are based on renewable raw material sources, because it is the most abundant biopolymer in nature and is available in a wide variety of resources, such as plants and microorganisms [7]- [11].The nanofillers isolated from cellulose have been used as a reinforcing material in many natural and synthetic polymers [12]- [18]. The use of these nanofillers has proven effective due to the large surface area and the excellent mechanical properties presented by cellulose [19]. Furthermore, the addition of cellulose-based nanofillers promotes a better performance of the nanocomposite in relation to their barrier, thermal and mech...

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Use of surfactants in cellulose nanowhisker/epoxy nanocomposites: effect on filler dispersion and system properties

Cited by 44 publications

References 59 publications

Influence of morphology and dispersion stability of CNC modified with ethylene oxide derivatives on mechanical properties of PLA‐based nanocomposites

Influence of morphology and dispersion stability of CNC modified with ethylene oxide derivatives on mechanical properties of PLA‐based nanocomposites

Macro- and nanodimensional plant fiber reinforcements for cementitious composites

The Use of Cellulose Nanofillers in Obtaining Polymer Nanocomposites: Properties, Processing, and Applications

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