Use of Sodium Tetradecyl Sulphate for Treatment of Oral Lesions

Abstract

Background: Sclerotherapy is defined as the “targeted elimination of small vessels, varicose veins and vascular anomalies by the injection of a sclerosant. This study aimed to analyze the effect of a sclerosing agent 3% Sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) on different oral lesions and to evaluate whether sclerotherapy can be a potent alternative to other treatment modalities. Methods: A descriptive study was done in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar between September 2016 and June 2019. Results: A Total of 46 patients treated by 3%STS were retrospectively identified. After exclusion, 38 patients were selected for the study. Out of 38 patients 9 belonged to vascular malformation group, 15 to pyogenic granuloma group, 2 to lymphangioma group, 8 to mucocele group and 4 to ranula group. 25 patients (65.79%) showed complete response, 4 patients (10.53%) showed good response, 3 patients (7.89%) showed moderate response, 2 patients (5.26%) showed mild response and 4 patients (10.53%) showed no response. Conclusions: Sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulfate 3% is effective in the treatment of different oral lesions such as vascular malformations, pyogenic granuloma, lymphangioma, and mucocele.
 Keywords: lymphangioma; mucocele; pyogenic granuloma; sclerotherapy; sodium tetradecyl sulfate; vascular malformation

Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of the Diode Laser (980 nm) and Sclerotherapy in the Treatment of Oral Vascular Malformations

“…Each ml (milliliter) of 3% STS is known to contain 30 mg of sodium tetradecyl sulfate, 0.02 ml of benzyl alcohol, and 9.0 mg dibasic sodium phosphate; all mixed in water for injection at pH of 7.9. Monobasic sodium phosphate and/or sodium hydroxide are added for further pH adjustment, if required only [ 9 , 10 ].…”

“…Some of the advantages of sclerotherapy are its simple use, noninvasiveness, economical, safety, reliability, availability, and effective drug system with minimal side effects, known to cause minimal discomfort to the patient, nil or negligible blood loss, and no special requirement during postoperative dressings or any specific care [ 9 , 10 ].…”

“…Sclerotherapy has few minor complications such as pain, sloughing, and ulceration, swelling, ecchymosis followed by tissue necrosis (Nicolau syndrome) and chances of anaphylaxis. Some of the major complications (only in large dermatological lesions) are pulmonary embolism, nerve damage, and disseminated intravascular coagulation [ 9 , 10 ].…”

“…(c) The sclerosants like chromated glycerin, polyiodinated iodine, OK 432, and bleomycin are the chemical irritants which are known to damage the cell wall. Bleomycin, polidocanol (POL), and sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) are the commonly used sclerosants due to their noted efficacy and safety profile [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of the Diode Laser (980 nm) and Sclerotherapy for the Treatment of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma

“…However, surgical excision can lead to bleeding, incomplete resection, recurrence, esthetic concerns, and functional impairment. Owing to these limitations, studies have proposed alternative methods, including cryosurgery, laser, electrodesiccation, curettage, sclerotherapy, and steroid injection [ 4 , 5 ].…”