Mucormycosis or black fungus is one of the most lethal, progressing, and rapid form of deep fungal infections in humans which is caused by group of molds called mucormycetes. It is called black fungus infection due to black nasal discharges and black patches around nose found in the initial stage. The most common variety is rhino-orbito-cerebral-maxillary, although there are also pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and disseminated variations. In recent years, mucormycosis has become increasingly prevalent in immunocompromised individuals, with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and associated consequences as the primary source of the cause. Rhino-orbito-cerebral-maxillary variety usually involves the nose, paranasal sinuses, brain, and maxilla but the involvement of mandibular bone is exceedingly rare. In this case report, we present a case of a 59-year-old male affected with mandibular mucormycosis in post-COVID scenario which is quite rare situation.
Lymphangiomas, or lymphatic malformations (LM), are benign malformations of the lymphatic system characterized by abnormal proliferation of lymphatic vessels. It was first described by Virchow in 1854. They occur rarely in the oral cavity and involve the tongue dorsum more often. Though complete surgical excision is the gold standard and most desirable management, certain limitations restrict this approach. Laser therapy, cryotherapy, electrocautery, sclerotherapy, and intralesional injections of steroids and Bevacizumab are other treatment options in such cases. Here, we present three cases of diverse forms of lymphatic malformations treated with two different modalities of treatment.
Introduction:
Sclerosing agents have been used for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) hypermobility since decades, some of which are ethanolamine oleate, and OK-432, sodium psylliate (sylnasol), but there are no studies on the usage of polidocanol – a well-known sclerosing agent which does not have much side effects and is inexpensive. Hence, this study evaluates the effect of polidocanol injection in the treatment of TMJ hypermobility.
Methodology:
This was a prospective observational study in which patients with chronic TMJ hypermobility were included. Out of the 44 patients who had symptoms of clicking and pain of the TMJ, 28 were diagnosed as internal derangement of the TMJ. The final analysis included 15 patients in whom multiple injections of polidocanol were given on the basis of post-operative parameters. The sample size was calculated based on a significance level of 0.05 and a power of 80%.
Results:
Overall, a success rate of 86.6% (13/15) was encountered at the end of three months, with seven patients not reporting any further episodes of dislocation after one injection and six patients not reporting any episode of dislocation after two injections.
Discussion:
Polidocanol sclerotherapy can be used as a treatment modality for chronic recurrent dislocation of the TMJ, rather than opting for more invasive procedures for the same.
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