Use of Serology and Bacterial Culture to Determine Prevalence of Brucella Spp. In Feral Swine (Sus Scrofa) in Proximity to a Beef Cattle Herd Positive for Brucella Suis and Brucella Abortus

Musser, Jeffrey M.B.; Schwartz, Andy; Srinath, Indumathi; Waldrup, Kenneth A.

doi:10.7589/2012-06-169

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In that study, the high recovery rate (77.5%) of Brucella in randomly trapped feral swine most likely reflects the epidemiologic features of brucellosis in a chronically infected feral swine population. Our challenge model is also supported by data that indicates that prepubescent swine, as used in the current study, can be readily infected and may demonstrate persistent infections for up to 144 days [14,16,22,24,25].…”

confidence: 60%

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Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Rough Brucella suisVaccine Delivered Orally or Parenterally to Feral Swine

Olsen¹

2017

IJVR

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Brucella suis strain 353-1 is a stable vaccine strain that is clinically safe, does not cause positive serologic responses on conventional brucellosis surveillance tests, and induces humoral and cellular immunity in swine after vaccination. In this study, we evaluated tissue clearance and immunologic responses after oral or parenteral vaccination of feral swine with 1.9 x 10 10 colony-forming units (CFU) of strain 353-1, and compared efficacy of vaccination and control treatments in protecting against infection after experimental conjunctival challenge with a virulent B. suis strain. Feral swine vaccinated orally or parentally with strain 353-1 had greater (P < 0.05) mean ELISA titers to Brucella at all sampling times after vaccination when compared to non-vaccinated swine. PBMC from swine parentally vaccinated with 353-1 at 12 or 17 weeks, or oral vaccinates at 12 weeks after vaccination, demonstrated greater (P < 0.05) antigen-specific proliferative responses when compared to responses of PBMC from non-vaccinates. At necropsy, 4 weeks after experimental challenge with virulent B. suis, non-vaccinated feral swine had greater standard tube agglutination titers and disseminated infection with higher (P < 0.05) colonization (CFU/gm) in most tissues as compared to oral or parenteral vaccinates. The virulent challenge strain was not recovered from any tissues collected from parenteral vaccinates at 4 weeks after experimental challenge. Although the challenge strain was recovered at low levels from some samples, tissue colonization in most tissues of oral vaccinates did not differ (P > 0.05) from parenteral vaccinates, but was reduced (P < 0.05) when compared to colonization in non-vaccinated swine.

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confidence: 60%

“…Additionally, B. suis is capable of infecting and inducing seropositivity in cattle [11,12]. In many countries, interest in B. suis is increasing due to its maintenance in expanding populations of feral swine or wild boar [13,14]. In the United States alone, an estimated 5 million feral swine are present and distributed over 39 states.…”

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confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Rough Brucella suisVaccine Delivered Orally or Parenterally to Feral Swine

Olsen¹

2017

IJVR

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“…Most commonly, there is a necrotizing placentitis with viscous, brown exudate that may contain blood, fibrin, and flocculent detritus. 85,108,125 Not all placentomes are equally affected, and some placentomes appear grossly normal. The post-abortion uterus may be characterized by diffuse suppurative metritis with greenish-hemorrhagic exudate covering the endometrium and caruncles.…”

Section: Brucella Abortusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…50,118 Biovars 1, 2, and 4 can be transmitted from swine to cattle, inducing transient seroconversion, which can confound B. abortus diagnostic assays. 85 Biovar 2 differs from the other biovars. It was isolated from European hares (Lepus capensis) in Germany, Switzerland, France, and Denmark.…”

Section: Brucella Suismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…110 Cattle, goats, and sheep have cotyledonary, villous, epitheliochorial, nondeciduate placentas, and there is similarity in the pathogenesis and morphology of placentitis in cattle infected with B. abortus and goats and sheep infected with B. melitensis. 6,26,82,83,85 That is, all are characterized by maternal bacteremia, massive intracellular replication of Brucella in chorioallantoic trophoblastic cells, peri-and interplacentomal exudate, necrosis, high numbers of Brucella in tissues and exudates, and abortion.…”

Section: Brucella Abortusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advancement of Knowledge of Brucella Over the Past 50 Years

2014

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Fifty years ago, bacteria in the genus Brucella were known to cause infertility and reproductive losses. At that time, the genus was considered to contain only 3 species: Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, and Brucella suis. Since the early 1960s, at least 7 new species have been identified as belonging to the Brucella genus (Brucella canis, Brucella ceti, Brucella inopinata, Brucella microti, Brucella neotomae, Brucella ovis, and Brucella pinnipedialis) with several additional new species under consideration for inclusion. Although molecular studies have found such high homology that some authors have proposed that all Brucella are actually 1 species, the epidemiologic and diagnostic benefits for separating the genus based on phenotypic characteristics are more compelling. Although pathogenic Brucella spp have preferred reservoir hosts, their ability to infect numerous mammalian hosts has been increasingly documented. The maintenance of infection in new reservoir hosts, such as wildlife, has become an issue for both public health and animal health regulatory personnel. Since the 1960s, new information on how Brucella enters host cells and modifies their intracellular environment has been gained. Although the pathogenesis and histologic lesions of B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis in their preferred hosts have not changed, additional knowledge on the pathology of these brucellae in new hosts, or of new species of Brucella in their preferred hosts, has been obtained. To this day, brucellosis remains a significant human zoonosis that is emerging or reemerging in many parts of the world.Keywords Brucella, pathogenesis, zoonosis, reservoir hosts, laboratory modelsIn 1966, the first issue of Pathologia Veterinaria-now known as Veterinary Pathology-published an article on the characteristics of Brucella granulomas by K. L. Jacob, and the third issue included a manuscript by B. I. Osburn and P. C. Kennedy describing pathologic and immunologic responses of fetal lambs after infection with Brucella ovis. As the journal embarks on its second half-century of publication, it seems appropriate to assess the advancement of knowledge on this topic since these articles were published in the first issues of the journal.Fifty years ago, bacteria in the genus Brucella were known to cause infertility and reproductive losses with predilection for causing placentitis, fetal pneumonia, and mastitis. At that time, the genus contained only Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, and Brucella suis, the 3 classic species of brucellae, and these were generally thought to be somewhat hostspecific pathogens of cattle, sheep and goats, and swine, respectively. They were also known to be zoonotic, with the capability for causing clinical disease in humans. At that time, taxonomy placed the 3 classic species in the family Brucellaceae, with other bacterial genera such as Bordetella, Pasteurella and so on. Although scientific and practical knowledge of brucellosis has increased dramatically, in many countries, brucellosis continu...

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Detection error influences both temporal seroprevalence predictions and risk factors associations in wildlife disease models

Tabak

Pedersen

Miller

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Understanding the prevalence of pathogens in invasive species is essential to guide efforts to prevent transmission to agricultural animals, wildlife, and humans. Pathogen prevalence can be difficult to estimate for wild species due to imperfect sampling and testing (pathogens may not be detected in infected individuals and erroneously detected in individuals that are not infected). The invasive wild pig (Sus scrofa, also referred to as wild boar and feral swine) is one of the most widespread hosts of domestic animal and human pathogens in North America. We developed hierarchical Bayesian models that account for imperfect detection to estimate the seroprevalence of five pathogens (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, pseudorabies virus, Influenza A virus in swine, Hepatitis E virus, and Brucella spp.) in wild pigs in the United States using a dataset of over 50,000 samples across nine years. To assess the effect of incorporating detection error in models, we also evaluated models that ignored detection error. Both sets of models included effects of demographic parameters on seroprevalence. We compared our predictions of seroprevalence to 40 published studies, only one of which accounted for imperfect detection. We found a range of seroprevalence among the pathogens with a high seroprevalence of pseudorabies virus, indicating significant risk to livestock and wildlife. Demographics had mostly weak effects, indicating that other variables may have greater effects in predicting seroprevalence. Models that ignored detection error led to different predictions of seroprevalence as well as different inferences on the effects of demographic parameters. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating detection error in models of seroprevalence and demonstrate that ignoring such error may lead to erroneous conclusions about the risk associated with pathogen transmission. When using opportunistic sampling data to model seroprevalence and evaluate risk factors, detection error should be included.

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Use of Serology and Bacterial Culture to Determine Prevalence of Brucella Spp. In Feral Swine (Sus Scrofa) in Proximity to a Beef Cattle Herd Positive for Brucella Suis and Brucella Abortus

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Rough Brucella suisVaccine Delivered Orally or Parenterally to Feral Swine

Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Rough Brucella suisVaccine Delivered Orally or Parenterally to Feral Swine

Advancement of Knowledge of Brucella Over the Past 50 Years

Detection error influences both temporal seroprevalence predictions and risk factors associations in wildlife disease models

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