Use of saline–sodic waters through phytoremediation of calcareous saline–sodic soils

Qadir, Muhammad Farhan; Ghafoor, Abdul; Murtaza, Ghulam

doi:10.1016/s0378-3774(01)00101-9

Cited by 95 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Organic matter (OM), including farmyard manure (FYM) and green manure (GM), may function as salt ion binding agents which detoxify the toxic ions, especially Na + and Cl -, as indicated by low EC e in soil treated with OM (Zaka et al, 2003;Hanay et al, 2004;Tejada et al, 2006;Zahid and Niazi, 2006). In the case of rice, remediation of saline paddy fields using OM improved productivity in the reproductive stage (Qadir et al, 2001;Zaka et al, 2003;Amanullah, 2008;Ghafoor et al, 2008;Murtaza et al, 2009). The most serious cases of yield reduction in crops grown in saline paddy fields that have not undergone remediation, are a subsequent effect of toxic ion accumulation in the plant cells, which causes pigment reduction, diminishes chlorophyll a fluorescence and lowers P n .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation of salt-affected soil by the addition of organic matter: an investigation into improving glutinous rice productivity

Cha–um

Kirdmanee

2011

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Soil salinity may limit plant growth and development, and cause yield loss in crop species. This study aimed at remediating saline soil using organic matter (OM) treatment, before the cultivation of RD6 rice (Oryza sativa L. spp. indica). Physiological and morphological characters of rice plants, as well as crop yield, were evaluated from salt-affected soil with varying levels of salinity. The chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll pigments of rice plants grown in salt-affected soil (2% salt level) with the application of OM were maintained better than in plants grown without OM treatment. The degree of reduced photosynthetic pigments in rice plants was dependent on the level of salt contamination. Pigment content was positively related to maximum quantum yield of PSII (F v /F m ) and quantum efficiency of PSII (Φ PSII ), leading to reduced net photosynthetic rate (P n ) and reduced total grain weight (TGW). Photosynthetic abilities, including chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll pigments and Φ PSII , in rice plants grown with OM treatment were greater than in those cultivated in soil without the OM treatment, especially in high salt levels (1-2% salt). The remediation of salt-affected soil in paddy fields using OM should be applied further, as an effective way of enhancing food crop productivity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation of salt-affected soil by the addition of organic matter: an investigation into improving glutinous rice productivity

Cha–um

Kirdmanee

2011

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…As the cost of desalinisation is falling (Kumar et al, 2005), the prospects of desalinating brackish water -and also seawater for the coastal communities -are becoming more attractive. Studies done in Pakistan and India have also shown that brackish water can be used for irrigating different crops under different soil types and environmental conditions (Qadir et al, 2001;Sharma and Rao, 1998).…”

Section: Use Of Alternate Water Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Indus basin in the framework of current and future water resources management

Laghari

Vanham

Rauch

2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

190

112

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Abstract. The Indus basin is one of the regions in the world that is faced with major challenges for its water sector, due to population growth, rapid urbanisation and industrialisation, environmental degradation, unregulated utilization of the resources, inefficient water use and poverty, all aggravated by climate change. The Indus Basin is shared by 4 countriesPakistan, India, Afghanistan and China. With a current population of 237 million people which is projected to increase to 319 million in 2025 and 383 million in 2050, already today water resources are abstracted almost entirely (more than 95 % for irrigation). Climate change will result in increased water availability in the short term. However in the long term water availability will decrease. Some current aspects in the basin need to be re-evaluated. During the past decades water abstractions -and especially groundwater extractionshave augmented continuously to support a rice-wheat system where rice is grown during the kharif (wet, summer) season (as well as sugar cane, cotton, maize and other crops) and wheat during the rabi (dry, winter) season. However, the sustainability of this system in its current form is questionable. Additional water for domestic and industrial purposes is required for the future and should be made available by a reduction in irrigation requirements. This paper gives a comprehensive listing and description of available options for current and future sustainable water resources management (WRM) within the basin. Sustainable WRM practices include both water supply management and water demand management options. Water supply management options include: (1) reservoir management as the basin is characterised by a strong seasonal behaviour in water availability (monsoon and meltwater) and water demands; (2) water quality conservation and investment in wastewater infrastructure; (3) the use of alternative water resources like the recycling of wastewater and desalination; (4) land use planning and soil conservation as well as flood management, with a focus on the reduction of erosion and resulting sedimentation as well as the restoration of ecosystem services like wetlands and natural floodplains. Water demand management options include: (1) the management of conjunctive use of surface and groundwater; as well as (2) the rehabilitation and modernization of existing infrastructure. Other demand management options are: (3) the increase of water productivity for agriculture; (4) crop planning and diversification including the critical assessment of agricultural export, especially (basmati) rice; (5) economic instruments and (6) changing food demand patterns and limiting post-harvest losses.

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“…Gypsum is the most largely used amendment, as it is cheaper and readily available (Ardakani and Zahirnia, 2006). Bioreclamation is another possible means to reclaim salinesodic and sodic soils (Qadir et al, 2001). Overstreet et al (1980) compared gypsum, sulphur and sulphuric acid for the reclamation of sodic soils of the Fresno series in California, USA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reclamation of saline and saline-sodic soils using gypsum and leaching water

Cucci¹,

Lacolla²,

Pallara³

et al. 2012

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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The results of a two-year research aiming to evaluate the effects of corrective treatments on two saline-sodic soils are reported. The trial was carried out in cylindrical pots (high 0.6 m and with a diameter of 0.4 m), provided with a bottom control device to collect drainage water, and located under shed, to avoid rain leaching effect. The two clay soils: Saline and saline-sodic resulting from a fouryear experiment in which different crops had been irrigated with 9 solutions obtained by dissolving in distilled water the appropriate amounts of NaCl and CaCl 2 by the factorial combination of three salt concentrations and three SAR levels (5, 15 and 45). During the subsequent two-year period, the soils were cropped to barley and borlotto bean and irrigated with freshwater (ECw = 0.5 dS m -1 and SAR = 0.45) whenever the soil contained in the pots lost by evapotranspiration 30% of the maximum available water (MAW). The corrective treatments were carried out by applying CaSO 4 to the soils with ESP>6% and leaching fractions equal to 20% of the watering volume to the most saline soils and proportionally lower fractions to the less saline soils, in order to reach, in the drainage water, electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) values of 3 dS m -1 and 9, respectively. The reclamation treatments reduced significantly soil salinity and sodicity: Electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe) decreased on average from 12.34 to 3.66 dS m -1 ; the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) dropped by 50.93 and 41.41% respectively for Bologna and Locorotondo soils.

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Use of saline–sodic waters through phytoremediation of calcareous saline–sodic soils

Cited by 95 publications

References 21 publications

Remediation of salt-affected soil by the addition of organic matter: an investigation into improving glutinous rice productivity

Remediation of salt-affected soil by the addition of organic matter: an investigation into improving glutinous rice productivity

The Indus basin in the framework of current and future water resources management

Reclamation of saline and saline-sodic soils using gypsum and leaching water

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