Reclamation of saline and saline-sodic soils using gypsum and leaching water

Abstract

The results of a two-year research aiming to evaluate the effects of corrective treatments on two saline-sodic soils are reported. The trial was carried out in cylindrical pots (high 0.6 m and with a diameter of 0.4 m), provided with a bottom control device to collect drainage water, and located under shed, to avoid rain leaching effect. The two clay soils: Saline and saline-sodic resulting from a fouryear experiment in which different crops had been irrigated with 9 solutions obtained by dissolving in distilled water the appropriate amounts of NaCl and CaCl 2 by the factorial combination of three salt concentrations and three SAR levels (5, 15 and 45). During the subsequent two-year period, the soils were cropped to barley and borlotto bean and irrigated with freshwater (ECw = 0.5 dS m -1 and SAR = 0.45) whenever the soil contained in the pots lost by evapotranspiration 30% of the maximum available water (MAW). The corrective treatments were carried out by applying CaSO 4 to the soils with ESP>6% and leaching fractions equal to 20% of the watering volume to the most saline soils and proportionally lower fractions to the less saline soils, in order to reach, in the drainage water, electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) values of 3 dS m -1 and 9, respectively. The reclamation treatments reduced significantly soil salinity and sodicity: Electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe) decreased on average from 12.34 to 3.66 dS m -1 ; the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) dropped by 50.93 and 41.41% respectively for Bologna and Locorotondo soils.

Responding of Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Deteriorated Soil at El-Fayoum Oasis and Wheat Yield to Tillage and Amendments

“…gypsum, farmyard manure, compost and the combination among them) and the better effect exists by using 50% gypsum + 50% FYM. Also, (Giovanna et. al., 2012) reported that the reclamation treatments reduced significantly soil salinity (EC e ) and sodicity (ESP).…”

Response of Jatropha integerrima Plants Irrigated with Different Levels of Saline Water to Nano Silicon and Gypsum

“…Gypsum consider is an organic soil amendment or nutrition as a source of Ca and S, changes structure and fertility of heavy clay soils, improves soil infiltration and drainage, decreases acidity and eliminate sodium-affected soils by removing sodium form the soil and replacing it with calcium (Korcak,1993;Chen and Dick, 2011). Various studies on the effect of gypsum application on saline-sodic soil have been showed that, gypsum removes the greatest amount of Na + from the soil and causes a substantial decrease in soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (Qadir et al 1996;Makoi and Verplancke, 2010;Cucci et al 2012 andNegim, 2015). It has been reported that gypsum addition to salinity stressed of some plants increased plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, root length and fresh and dry weight of the aboveground parts and roots as well as increased total chlorophylls, carbohydrates and NPK contents, while caused a reduction in the accumulation of Na + and Cl -toxic ions in plant tissues (Picchioni et al 2004;Mazhar et al 2011;Habba et al 2013 andAbdel Fattah et al 2014) Recently, use of Nanoparticles (NPs) has been broadly exploited in the agricultural system throughout the world.…”

Phytodesalination and chemical and organic conditioners to recover the chemical properties of saline‐sodic soil

“…Some studies have shown the efficiency of gypsum in reducing salt content in soils at various depths (Cucci, Lacolla, Pallara, & Laviano, 2012;Kim, Choo, & Cho, 2017). In fact, these studies used irrigation, which promotes the removal of salts from soils.…”