Use of regrind in the PVC extrusion process

Rabinovitch, Elvira B.; Booth, Patrick C.

doi:10.1002/vnl.730120110

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…They also reported that the maximum amount of recyclate that can be added to virgin PVC bottle and PVC pipe grades, to achieve the optimum ultimate tensile strength (UTS), is 40 and 80 wt%, respectively. Rabinovitch et al reported that, in order to achieve a smooth surface in a PVC regrind‐incorporated sample, the melt temperature of the secondary extrusion must be at least 8–10°C higher than its previous heat history. Ditta et al investigated the recyclability of postconsumer U‐PVC window profiles over several repeated extrusion cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating recyclability of fly ash reinforced polyvinyl chloride foams

Khoshnoud

Wolgamott

Abu‐Zahra

2016

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Using fly ash as a reinforcing filler can be very cost effective; however, the recycling of postconsumer products containing fly ash is of a considerable concern. In this study, the recycling of processed polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam reinforced with fly ash was investigated by evaluating the effect of regrind content (up to 40 wt%) and fly ash content (up to 20 wt%) on the physical, mechanical, microstructural, and processing properties of the composites. Experimental results show an increase in the foam density with increasing regrind and fly ash contents. The melt viscosity increased with increasing the regrind concentration; however, it dropped with increasing the fly ash content. The tensile strength increased with increasing the regrind content, indicating a good degree of gelation in the composites. Meanwhile, the charpy impact strength of the composites decreased due to the high rigidity of fly ash particles. Dynamic mechanical analysis show that the storage modulus improved with both the addition and increasing the amount of regrind, which confirmed good stress transformation between the polymer foam matrix and the fly ash particles. The polymer matrix morphology, as was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confirmed uniform foam structure even with the addition of 40 wt% regrind in the virgin PVC. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 00:000-000, 2016. V C 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers INTRODUCTIONRigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam is regarded second to polyurethane foam in its worldwide consumption. It is mainly produced using blowing agents which generate gas by thermal decomposition [1]. Over the past few decades, PVC foam has been established as the main wood replacement in window frames, window blinds, decorative trimming, furniture components, and other applications [1,2]. The higher production of PVC foam products generates substantial quantities of scrap material, which makes the recycling of PVC foam scrap to be one of the main challenges to be addressed.Many researchers have concentrated on studying the recyclability of rigid PVC products and their scrap materials. Sombatsompop and Thongsang [2] evaluated the effect of recycling PVC pipes (varying from 0 to 80 wt%) on the rheological, morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of two commercial PVC virgin PVC blends. They reported an increase in the melt viscosity with increasing the recycled PVC content. However, the ratio of die swelling did not change significantly with varying the recycled concentration, while this ration increased at very high temperatures. They also reported that the maximum amount of recyclate that can be added to virgin PVC bottle and PVC pipe grades, to achieve the optimum ultimate tensile strength (UTS), is 40 and 80 wt%, respectively. Rabinovitch et al. [3] reported that, in order to achieve a smooth surface in a PVC regrindincorporated sample, the melt temperature of the secondary extrusion must be at least 8-108C higher than its previous heat history. Ditta et al. [4] investigated the recyclability o...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating recyclability of fly ash reinforced polyvinyl chloride foams

Khoshnoud

Wolgamott

Abu‐Zahra

2016

Vinyl Additive Technology

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“…Recycling processes vary in terms of quality of recyclate, cost, complexity, and environmental impact. Size reduction processes [4] such as granulation, shredding, pulverizing, and micronizing convert waste products into a form which can be reprocessed, if necessary after ferrous metal removal by magnets. This is a simple recovery process suitable for products where the purity of the source waste is high (e.g., pre-use window profile or supermarket collation trays) or where the contaminants can be readily separated (e.g., cable sheathing and copper core).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of uPVC window profile waste

Kelly

Rose

Spares

et al. 2005

J Vinyl Addit Technol

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Vinyl Chloride Polymers

Summers¹

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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PVC has a large sales volume, second only to polyethylene. Its high chlorine content provides it with a high level of combustion resistance for building products, electrical enclosures, and wire and cable insulation. PVC has a unique ability to be compounded with a wide variety of additives, making it possible to produce materials in a range from flexible elastomers (the first thermoplastic elastomers) to rigid compounds, materials that are weatherable such as for siding and windows, compounds that have stiff melts and little elastic recovery for outstanding dimensional control useful in profile extrusion, or low viscosity melts which compete effectively with ABS and PC/ABS in thin‐walled injection molding parts such as computer monitor housings. Some PVC properties are attributed to unique morphology. The polymer precipitates from its monomer and grows into primary particles, which are later the melt flow units. Fusion into larger structures and product strength are controlled by breakdown of the grains into primary particles, by choice of additives, by amount of melting (temperature), and by number of tie molecules (molecular weight). The main type of polymerization is the suspension process, with significant polymerization made by the mass, solution, microsuspension, and emulsion processes. In the suspension process, the polymerization takes place in droplets of monomer suspended in water. From an environmental viewpoint, PVC is over 50% chlorine and as a result, is one of the most energy‐efficient polymers. PVC is an inherent flame retardant, and acts as a marker, enabling automated equipment to sort PVC containers from other plastics in the waste stream. Vinyl is recycled by at least 170 recyclers in the United States and Canada and more than 3,500 communities accept vinyl products in their recycling programs. The analysis from 155 large‐scale, commercial incinerator facilities found no relationship between the chlorine content of waste nor the addition of PVC, and dioxin emissions from combustion processes. New requirements from the U.S. EPA make scrubbers mandatory on all incinerators and are necessary whether or not PVC is present in the waste feed.

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Use of regrind in the PVC extrusion process

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Evaluating recyclability of fly ash reinforced polyvinyl chloride foams

Evaluating recyclability of fly ash reinforced polyvinyl chloride foams

Recycling of uPVC window profile waste

Vinyl Chloride Polymers

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