Use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis and Single-Enzyme Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism in Molecular Typing of Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale Strains

Abstract

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is a bacterium common to commercial poultry and wild birds throughout the world. It is also known as a causative agent of respiratory diseases. A total of 93 ORT isolates originating from chickens, pigeons, ostriches, quail, turkeys, and an Asian crested goshawk (Accipiter trivirgatus) in Taiwan, between 2004 and 2006, were used in this study. High genetic similarity (97%-100%) in 16S rRNA sequence was revealed among the 50 randomly selected isolates, in addition to a reference strain (ATCC-51464) and seven reference sequences from GenBank. In order to obtain a greater genetic discrimination among the ORT isolates, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (SE-AFLP) methods were further conducted. The results showed that both RAPD and SE-AFLP assays showed higher discriminatory abilities than the 16S rRNA sequence assay. Genetic clustering revealed that chicken- and quail-origin isolates were genetically distinct from those of the ostrich, pigeon, and Asian crested goshawk-origin isolates. However, among the two typing methods, the turkey-origin isolates showed diverse genetic characteristics to domestic avian species. With this information, ecologic and epidemiologic studies could be furthered for the reduction and control of ORT transmission in Taiwan.

Multilocus sequence typing of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolated from pigeons and birds of prey revealed new insights into its population structure

“…In rooks, the bacterium was isolated in 1983 ( Hafez & Vandamme, 2011 ) – 11 years before its formal description as a novel bacterial genus within the family Flavobacteriaceae ( Vandamme et al, 1994 ). In Taiwan, Iran and Germany, ORT has been isolated from domesticated and feral pigeons ( Chou et al, 2009 , Mirzaie and Hassanzadeh, 2013 , Mirzaie et al, 2011 , Tsai and Huang, 2006 ; Warkentin, Kohls, & Hafez, unpublished ). In Taiwan, three additional isolates have been collected from two ostriches and a wild Asian crested goshawk ( Chou et al, 2009 ).…”

“…In Taiwan, Iran and Germany, ORT has been isolated from domesticated and feral pigeons ( Chou et al, 2009 , Mirzaie and Hassanzadeh, 2013 , Mirzaie et al, 2011 , Tsai and Huang, 2006 ; Warkentin, Kohls, & Hafez, unpublished ). In Taiwan, three additional isolates have been collected from two ostriches and a wild Asian crested goshawk ( Chou et al, 2009 ). Moreover, a single case of interspecies transmission of ORT from galliform birds to nestling falcons was determined in a breeding farm via the cockerels they were fed ( Hafez & Lierz, 2010 ).…”

Phylogenetic relationship of <i>Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale</i> strains

“…Isolates of O. rhinotracheale can be classified into 18 agar gel precipitation (AGP) serovars (A through R), and serovar A is the most prevalent among chicken and turkey isolates [ 3 , 5 , 14 , 17 ]. Genotyping studies of O. rhinotracheale isolates obtained from poultry throughout the world have shown a small group of closely related clones [ 2 , 4 , 7 , 10 ]. Six electrophoretic types (ET) obtained by multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis have been recognized in O. rhinotracheale isolates from eight countries around the world [ 2 ].…”

“… ) [ 2 , 18 , 19 ]. Shorter sequences (less than 700 nucleotides) were not included in the analysis [ 4 , 8 ].…”

Caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale procedentes de aves de corral con cuadros clínicos respiratorios en el Perú entre 2015 y 2017

“…El incremento de la exposición de microorganismos a sustancias desinfectantes o antimicrobianas ha generado un proceso adaptativo en las bacterias debido a un incremento en la presión de selección (Chou et al, 2009). Cambios en el medio ambiente donde se desarrollan las bacterias requiere un incremento en variabilidad genética intra e interespecífica que permitan la aparición y posterior selección de variantes genéticas con mayor adaptación y patogenicidad (Soriano et al, 2003;Macagnan, 2006).…”