Use of Raman Spectroscopy and FT-IR to Characterize the Biochar in Yellow Oxisol of Central Amazonia

Abstract

Abstract:The Amazonian Latosols are acidic soils shows low activity in clay minerals. However, it is also found anthropogenic soils known as Amazonian Dark Earth (EAD) that provides a potential to develop a sustainable system in agriculture. The majority of TPI soils show fragments of black carbon stemming from an anthropic activity. The presence of these fragments endows the improvements in the physic and chemical characteristics of the soil. In order to reproduce some characteristics of these anthropogenic soils, it is proposed to apply biochar (BC) in a dystrophic Yellow Oxisol in increasing doses from 0; 40; 80 and 120 t.ha -1. The use of Spectroscopy FT-IR and Raman tools and technics can elucidate on the nature of the pyrolised biomass and likewise interfere on the fertility of the soil. Furthermore, it could clarify how the BC contributes to the increase of cation exchange capacity (CEC), the elucidation of its chemical characteristics and how it can act in the development of a sustainable agriculture model for the humid tropics. It was possible to observe that he FT-IR spectra were similar between the treatments and that the BC exhibits similar crystallinity to the carbons of Amazonian Dark Earth.Keywords: Amazonian Dark Earth (EAD); black carbon; soil fertility. ResumoOs Latossolos amazônicos são solos ácidos e que apresentam baixa atividade dos minerais de argila. Entretanto, são encontrados solos antropogênicos conhecidos como Terra Preta de Índio (TPI) que fornecem um grande potencial para desenvolver um sistema de agricultura sustentável. A maioria dos solos de TPI apresentam fragmentos de carbono pirogênico provenientes de atividades antrópicas. A presença desses fragmentos conferem melhorias nas características físicas e químicas do solo. Visando reproduzir algumas características desses solos antropogênicos propôs-se adicionar biocarvão (BC) em um Latossolo Amarelo distrófico em doses crescentes de 0; 40; 80 e 120 t.ha -1. O uso de ferramentas e técnicas de espectroscopia de FT-IR e Raman podem elucidar sobre a natureza da biomassa pirolisada e como ela pode interferir na fertilidade do solo. Além disso, pode esclarecer como o BC contribui no aumento da capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC), na elucidação de suas características químicas e como pode atuar no desenvolvimento de um modelo de agricultura sustentável para os trópicos úmidos. Foi possível observar que os espectros de FT-IR foram semelhante entre os tratamentos e que o BC apresenta cristalinidade semelhante aos dos carbonos de TPI. Palavras-chave:

Electrode Based on Nickel‐containing SBA‐15 for the Determination of Copper in Ethanol Biofuel

“…The quantification of metals in biofuels is usually based on atomic absorption techniques 6, with direct sample analysis 7, 8, or in conjunction with pre‐concentration techniques, in which the sample passes through a column packed with a complexing agent 9, 10 and is subsequently eluted for analysis. On the other hand electrochemical techniques have also been successfully applied in the determination of metal trace in petroleum fuels 11, 12, and biofuels 13, 14.…”