Use of Novel Concussion Protocol With Infralow Frequency Neuromodulation Demonstrates Significant Treatment Response in Patients With Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms, a Retrospective Study

Abstract

IntroductionConcussion is a growing public health concern. No uniformly established therapy exists; neurofeedback studies report treatment value. We use infralow frequency neuromodulation (ILF) to remediate disabling neurological symptoms caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) and noted improved outcomes with a novel concussion protocol. Postconcussion symptoms (PCS) and persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS; >3 months post head injury) are designated timelines for protracted neurological complaints following TBI. We performed a retrospective study to explore effectiveness of ILF in PCS/PPCS and investigated the value of using this concussion protocol.MethodPatients with PCS/PPCS seen for their first neurology office visit or received their first neurofeedback session between 1 August 2018 and 31 January 2021 were entered. Outcomes were compared following treatment as usual (TAU) vs. TAU with ILF neurotherapy (TAU+ILF). The study cohort was limited to PPCS patients; the TAU+ILF group was restricted further to PPCS patients receiving at least 10 neurotherapy sessions. Within the TAU+ILF group, comparisons were made between those who trained at least 10 sessions using concussion protocol (TAU+ILF+CP) and those who trained for at least 10 sessions of ILF regardless of protocol (TAU+ILF-CP).ResultsAmong our resultant PPCS cohort (n = 59) leading persistent neurological complaints were headache (67.8%), memory impairment (57.6%), and brain fog (50.8%). PPCS patients in TAU+ILF+CP (n = 25) demonstrated greater net (p = 0.004) and percent (p = 0.026) improvement of symptoms compared to PPCS subjects in TAU (n = 26). PPCS patients in TAU+ILF-CP (n = 8) trended toward significant symptom improvements compared to TAU, and TAU+ILF+CP trended toward greater efficacy than TAU+ILF-CP.ConclusionPPCS patients who received TAU+ILF+CP demonstrated significantly greater improvement as a group when compared to TAU. When used as an integrative modality to treatment as usual in managing patients with PPCS, ILF neuromodulation with use of concussion protocol provided significant symptom improvements.

Managing Intractable Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A Nonsurgical Approach Employing Infralow Frequency Neuromodulation

“…Beneficial clinical effects (e.g., reduced tremors) are observed immediately following each 50-min session and sustain for up to 48–72 h. Repeat sessions are required for reinforcement and consolidation of learning to occur (Hellyer et al, 2016 ). In regard to potentially stimulating compensatory pathways, we prefer to consider instead that ILF brain training has a robust effect on neuroregulation at all levels in the hierarchy of motor control by potentiating adaptive neuroplasticity; we have discussed elsewhere its engagement with the slow control system in the brain including hypothalamic regulatory networks (Legarda et al, 2022 ).…”

Neurofeedback in patients with frontal brain lesions: A randomized, controlled double-blind trial

“…However, the cited reviews claimed that none of the published protocols have been compared with a sham control-group and robust clinical evidence is still lacking. Most recently, an interesting retrospective study reported significant treatment response using ILF-NF in 59 patients with post-concussion symptoms ( Legarda et al, 2022 ). The NF-group experienced significantly greater improvements concerning headache, memory impairment and brain fog than the TAU-group.…”