Use of NMR for predicting protein concentration in soybean seeds based on oil measurements

Abstract

Increasing the level of protein in soybean seeds has been a major target for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] breeders. The objective of this study was to examine the potential of predicting soybean seed protein based on oil values as determined by NMR. Seed protein and oil concentrations were determined in an F 2 population generated from the cross between a G. max (NK S08-80) and a G. soja (PI 458536) cultivar. The protein concentration in the population ranged from 40.4 to 52.6%. Protein-oil regression analysis was used to generate an equation for predicting seed protein concentration based on oil readings. The regression equation Protein = 62.3 − 1.3[Oil] (R 2 = 0.46) was developed, with a corresponding correlation of -0.69 between the traits. With this equation, the mean protein concentration of the selected 25% of the population (a simulated breeding pressure) was greater than the mean of the unselected population (46.1%, SE = 0.13) by about 1.9%. Individual F 2 plants that exceeded the mean protein value of the population constituted 86.4% of the selected samples. Selection based on oil concentration, however, failed to include 27.1% of the plants that were among the top 25% for protein concentration. Selection of highprotein plants based on NMR oil measurement was reasonably effective in the test population and might offer a new and rapid method of selecting high-protein individuals in soybean populations derived from the wild soybean progenitor, G. soja. If further tested on other populations and samples, it might be used as an analytical alternative for an indirect measurement of protein concentration based on NMR measurements of the oil.Paper no. J10884 in JAOCS 82, 87-91 (February 2005). FIG. 3. Linear protein-oil regression for a Glycine soja-derived F 2 soybean population (n = 235) from the cross NK S08-80 × PI 458536. The linear regression equation predicted Protein = 62.3 (SE = 1.12) − 1.3[Oil] (SE = 0.09) (R 2 = 0.46). Protein and oil are expressed as percent of total seed on a dry-seed basis.

Genetic relationship between lipid content and linolenic acid concentration in soybean seeds

“…Although there is a wide range of variation in lipid content among soybean accessions (Wilson 2004), very limited information is available on the lipid content of wild soybean accessions in comparison with that of cultivated soybean accessions; however, wild soybeans have many variations from the viewpoint of seed contents, such as protein, lipid and fatty acid composition relative to soybeans (Pantalone et al 1997b, Weir et al 2005. These variations in wild soybeans can be sometimes used to improve nutritional qualities of soybean seeds.…”

Advancing the science of wheat quality evaluation using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultrasound‐based techniques

“…Furthermore, NIR spectroscopy can be used as an online analysis tool capable of testing a large amount of sample during processing. Finally, various factors other than the quality parameters of the sample, for example, sample shape, moisture, particle size, color, texture, and density, affect the NIR spectra, which may add some complications to the interpretation of the NIR data (Peiris, Dong, Bockus, & Dowell, 2016;Weir, Omielan, Lee, & Rajcan, 2005;Williams, 2007). NIR spectroscopy is also a nondestructive, safe, environmentally clean (no chemicals), and easy-to-use technique which requires simple or no sample preparation.…”

Single Soybean Seed NMR Calibration for Oil Measurement Using Commercial Cooking Oils

“…Four five-gram sub-samples of each cultivar and year were analyzed for oil content by pulsed NMR spectrometry (Bruker Minispec Mq10; Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany) using the calibration curve described and validated by Weir et al [4].…”

“…Like near infra-red spectrometry (NIRS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR) is an accurate, rapid and non-destructive method of measuring oil content in living seeds [4] and may be used to determine the oil content in either a single seed or bulk samples [5,6]. Determination of oil content in a single seed could facilitate and accelerate the breeding and development of cultivars with higher oil content [7].…”