Use of near-infrared hyperspectral (NIR-HS) imaging to visualize and model the maturity of long-ripening hard cheeses

Discriminating Coalho cheese by origin through near and middle infrared spectroscopy and analytical measures. Discrimination of Coalho cheese origin

“…The spectroscopic profiles of Coalho cheeses were obtained in the regions of the MIR and NIR. For the MIR, this was possible to identify, between 4000 and 600 cm −1 , 15 absorption bands (Andrade et al 2018;Leite et al 2019;Pax et al 2019) and in the NIR region, nine absorption bands were observed between 1100 and 2500 nm (maximum absorbance) that corresponded to absorption attributed to the vibrations of the functional groups (Figure 2) (Cevoli et al 2013;Alinovi et al 2019;Priyashantha et al 2020). The intensity of the absorption of the bands reflect the amount of the component present in the analysed product (Andrade et al 2018), being possible to verify if there are differences between the spectra.…”

“…In the NIR spectra (Figure 2b) the bands are usually wider, bell-shaped, less intense and more overlapping than in the MIR region, providing more complex structural information, as they can excite the combination of bond (Cevoli et al 2013;Alinovi et al 2019;Priyashantha et al 2020).…”

“…The use of the NIR (Figure 4b) showed better discrimination and more evident separation between the cheeses by origin and behaviour similar to that found by physicalchemical analyses in the formation of groups. The spectral information of the NIR is generally distributed over the wide wavelength ranges, but sometimes all the information in the spectrum may not be correlated with the investigated properties (Priyashantha et al 2020). For this analysis, at first, the entire NIR spectrum (between 1100 and 2500 nm) was used to discriminate the samples and to consider the contribution of the different spectral regions and their respective functional groups.…”

“…There are several traditional analytical methods for evaluating the composition and properties of cheeses, and there is a growing demand for fast, easy-to-perform techniques that require little sample preparation, good sensitivity and low operating cost, reducing the use of reagents. Thus, the spectroscopic study in middle infrared (MIR) and near infrared (NIR) has stood out in the analysis of cheeses for presenting such advantages (Lei and Sun 2019;Jesus et al 2020;Priyashantha et al 2020).…”

Determination and Quantification of the Distribution of CN-NL Nanoparticles Encapsulating Glycyrrhetic Acid on Novel Textile Surfaces with Hyperspectral Imaging

“…Prior to the image acquisition, white and dark reference images were captured for image calibration. Reflectance standards are essential for image calibration, to correct pixel-to-pixel variations arising due to inconsistencies in capture and illumination of samples [ 17 ].…”