Use of Miniature Pig for Biomedical Research, with Reference to Toxicologic Studies

Nunoya, Tetsuo; Shibuya, Kazumoto; Saitoh, Toshiki; Yazawa, Hajime; Nakamura, Keigo; Baba, Yoshihiko; Hirai, Takuya

doi:10.1293/tox.20.125

Cited by 63 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Gö ttingen, Yucatan), both of which can differ in their suitability as a model for specific disorders. Some of the advantages of using the minipig compared with the domestic pig are its smaller and similar in size to humans, even at full maturity, slower growth during studies, ease of handling, and controlled genotype as well as its microbiological characteristics (Nunoya et al, 2007). However, one drawback of using minipigs is that they are in short supply and considerably more expensive to purchase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine models for the metabolic syndrome, digestive and bone disorders: a general overview

Litten-Brown

Corson

Clarke

2010

Animal

146

136

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The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the role of pigs as a biomedical model for humans. The usefulness and limitations of porcine models have been discussed in terms of metabolic, cardiovascular, digestive and bone diseases in humans. Domestic pigs and minipigs are the main categories of pigs used as biomedical models. One drawback of minipigs is that they are in short supply and expensive compared with domestic pigs, which in contrast cost more to house, feed and medicate. Different porcine breeds show different responses to the induction of specific diseases. For example, ossabaw minipigs provide a better model than Yucatan for the metabolic syndrome as they exhibit obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension, all of which are absent in the Yucatan. Similar metabolic/physiological differences exist between domestic breeds (e.g. Meishan v. Pietrain). The modern commercial (e.g. Large White) domestic pig has been the preferred model for developmental programming due to the 2-to 3-fold variation in body weight among littermates providing a natural form of foetal growth retardation not observed in ancient (e.g. Meishan) domestic breeds. Pigs have been increasingly used to study chronic ischaemia, therapeutic angiogenesis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and abdominal aortic aneurysm as their coronary anatomy and physiology are similar to humans. Type 1 and II diabetes can be induced in swine using dietary regimes and/or administration of streptozotocin. Pigs are a good and extensively used model for specific nutritional studies as their protein and lipid metabolism is comparable with humans, although pigs are not as sensitive to protein restriction as rodents. Neonatal and weanling pigs have been used to examine the pathophysiology and prevention/treatment of microbial-associated diseases and immune system disorders. A porcine model mimicking various degrees of prematurity in infants receiving total parenteral nutrition has been established to investigate gut development, amino acid metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Endoscopic therapeutic methods for upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding are being developed. Bone remodelling cycle in pigs is histologically more similar to humans than that of rats or mice, and is used to examine the relationship between menopause and osteoporosis. Work has also been conducted on dental implants in pigs to consider loading; however with caution as porcine bone remodels slightly faster than human bone. We conclude that pigs are a valuable translational model to bridge the gap between classical rodent models and humans in developing new therapies to aid human health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine models for the metabolic syndrome, digestive and bone disorders: a general overview

Litten-Brown

Corson

Clarke

2010

Animal

146

136

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“…Recently, miniature pigs have been housed as a laboratory animal or pet. There are several breeds of miniature pigs such as Yucatan, Hanford and Sinclair in the United States, Gottingen in Europe, and Ohmini, CLAWN and NIBS in Japan [12]. They have characteristics of body weights ranging from 20 to 80 kg, and longevity ranging from 10 to 15 years.…”

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confidence: 99%

Uterine Adenocarcinoma with Prominent Desmoplasia in a Geriatric Miniature Pig

et al. 2010

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ABSTRACT. A 10-year-old miniature sow was died, showing inappetence and weight loss. Grossly, neoplastic enlargement of the uterus was found. Histopathologically, the lesions consisted of acinar, ductular and cystic proliferations of mono-and multilayered epithelial cells; these cells reacted immunohistochemically strongly with three different cytokeratin antibodies, and occasionally to vimentin. Myofibroblastic desmoplastic cells, positive to -smooth muscle actin, were present among neoplastic cells. Metastatic lesions were seen in the lungs and liver. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of uterine adenocarcinoma with marked desmoplasia was made. This case is the second report of uterine adenocarcinoma in the miniature pig. Uterine adenocarcinomas are uncommon neoplasms in most animals with the exception in rabbits and cattle [6,13]. Woman cases are the most common invasive cancers of the genital tract [3]. To our knowledge, there are two cases of uterine adenocarcinomas reported in English so far in sow; a 3-year-old crossbred Chester White-Hampshire-Duroc sow without metastases [15], and a 16-year-old Vietnamese pot-bellied pig with visceral metastases [5]. Detailed pathological examinations such as immunohistochemistry were not made for these cases. We encountered a sow bearing a uterine adenocarcinoma. Because uterine adenocarcinoma is extremely rare in sow [15], in the present study we examined histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of this case.

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“…The NIBS miniature pig represents the results of mating three distinct porcine breeds, Pitman-Moore, Chinese native (Short-ear pig of Taiwan) and Göttingen since 1993, and is a breed of laboratory miniature pig available in Japan (Nunoya et al, 2007).…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body surface area measurement in laboratory miniature pigs using a computed tomography scanner

Itoh¹,

Kawabe

Nagase³

et al. 2016

J. Toxicol. Sci.

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-The body surface area (BSA) of an organism is an important parameter for evaluating physiological functions. In drug development, normalization by BSA is an appropriate method for extrapolating doses between species. The BSA of animals has generally been estimated by multiplying a constant by the power of the body weight (BW). Recently, the use of miniature pigs in non-clinical studies for medical drugs or devices has gradually been increasing. However, verification of their BSA is not as yet sufficient. In this study, we measured the BSAs of 40 laboratory miniature pigs (11 males and 9 females of Göttingen minipig and 14 males and 6 females of Nippon Institute for Biological Science [NIBS] miniature pig) by analyzing computed tomography (CT) images, since measurements using a CT scanner were expected to more precisely determine BSA than classical measuring techniques. The measurement results showed the BSAs of the 20 Göttingen minipigs to range from 0.4358 to 0.8356 m 2 (the working BW range: 12.7-37.0 kg) and 20 NIBS miniature pigs to range from 0.2906 to 0.8675 m 2 (the working BW range: 7.9-41.5 kg). Since accuracy and reproducibility were confirmed by measuring the surface area of an acrylic cuboid, we concluded the measurement method employed in this study to be very reliable. We propose the following estimating formula for BSA of laboratory miniature pigs: 100 × BSA [m 2 ] = 7.98 × BW [kg] 2/3 .

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Use of Miniature Pig for Biomedical Research, with Reference to Toxicologic Studies

Cited by 63 publications

References 38 publications

Porcine models for the metabolic syndrome, digestive and bone disorders: a general overview

Porcine models for the metabolic syndrome, digestive and bone disorders: a general overview

Uterine Adenocarcinoma with Prominent Desmoplasia in a Geriatric Miniature Pig

Body surface area measurement in laboratory miniature pigs using a computed tomography scanner

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