Body surface area measurement in laboratory miniature pigs using a computed tomography scanner

Abstract

-The body surface area (BSA) of an organism is an important parameter for evaluating physiological functions. In drug development, normalization by BSA is an appropriate method for extrapolating doses between species. The BSA of animals has generally been estimated by multiplying a constant by the power of the body weight (BW). Recently, the use of miniature pigs in non-clinical studies for medical drugs or devices has gradually been increasing. However, verification of their BSA is not as yet sufficient. In this study, we measured the BSAs of 40 laboratory miniature pigs (11 males and 9 females of Göttingen minipig and 14 males and 6 females of Nippon Institute for Biological Science [NIBS] miniature pig) by analyzing computed tomography (CT) images, since measurements using a CT scanner were expected to more precisely determine BSA than classical measuring techniques. The measurement results showed the BSAs of the 20 Göttingen minipigs to range from 0.4358 to 0.8356 m 2 (the working BW range: 12.7-37.0 kg) and 20 NIBS miniature pigs to range from 0.2906 to 0.8675 m 2 (the working BW range: 7.9-41.5 kg). Since accuracy and reproducibility were confirmed by measuring the surface area of an acrylic cuboid, we concluded the measurement method employed in this study to be very reliable. We propose the following estimating formula for BSA of laboratory miniature pigs: 100 × BSA [m 2 ] = 7.98 × BW [kg] 2/3 .

Use of computed tomography and radiation therapy planning software to develop a novel formula for body surface area calculation in dogs

“…These values are similar to the K constant of 10 used in cats and 10.1 used in dogs . A slightly different approach was used in 40 laboratory miniature pigs for which CT scans and high‐speed 3D software yielded the equation 100 × BSA (m 2 ) = 7.98 × BW (kg) 2/3 . The authors used 5 mm slices, repeating each scan 5 times, and derived K constants for each of 4 different body mass exponents from other formulae.…”

“…The authors used 5 mm slices, repeating each scan 5 times, and derived K constants for each of 4 different body mass exponents from other formulae. The final choice of equation was based on the smallest coefficient of variation …”

Nota técnica: El área corporal en bovino de engorde está más correlacionada con la longitud corporal que con el peso corporal

“…Tradicionalmente, la BSA ha sido evaluada midiendo físicamente la superficie (por ejemplo, a partir de muestras de piel, por triangulación, usando un rodillo, utilizando moldes sobre cadáver…) (Elting, 1926;Jones et al, 2015;Kasabova y Holliday, 2015;Itoh et al, 2016). Más recientemente, se ha recurrido a la tomografía computerizada, que permite establecer la BSA de manera no invasiva (Jones et al, 2015).…”

“…El cálculo del área corporal ("Body Surface Area", BSA) es necesario para estudios de adaptación climática (Daniell et al, 2012;Kasabova y Holliday, 2015), farmacológicos (Daniell et al, 2012;Jones et al, 2015;Itoh et al, 2016), metabólicos (Elting, 1926;Berman, 2003;Daniell et al, 2012), de nutrición (Hogan y Skouby, 1923), para la evaluación de quemaduras (Daniell et al, 2012), en veterinaria forense (Henríquez et al, 2013), etc.…”

Use of perfusion index to detect hemodynamic changes in endotoxemic pigs

“…The product of CO and mean transit time represents the intrathoracic thermal volume 26 . Cardiac index (CI) was calculated by using body surface area (CI = CO / body surface area) 27 . Global end diastolic volume and global end diastolic volume index were calculated as the difference between the intrathoracic thermal volume and the pulmonary thermal volume, and represented the combined end diastolic volumes of the four cardiac chambers.…”