“…Unfortunately, the methane yield from natural mixed algae cultures grown in less controlled systems (real world application) are found in the lower range, rarely exceeding 0.300 m 3 CH 4 kg À1 VS (González-Fernández et al, 2011;Keymer et al, 2013;Passos et al, 2013). This fact has raised the interest on algae pre-treatment techniques, with and without co-products recovery, aiming to improve algae biodegradability through cell wall disruption (Milledge and Heaven, 2014;Ramos-Suárez and Carreras, 2014). Under this rationale, the feasibility of an algaebased biorefinery is mainly linked to: (i) the co-products economic value; (ii) biogas value as electricity and/or heat energy; (iii) algae harvesting and concentration, where harvested algae may not only be thickened, but also dewatered or even dried before processing for co-products extraction (Alzate et al, 2014;Sialve et al, 2009;Ward et al, 2014).…”