Use of linezolid in pediatrics: a critical review

Dotis, John; Iosifidis, Εlias; Ioannidou, Maria; Roilides, Emmanuel

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2009.10.002

Cited by 41 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The most common side effects are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and thrombocytopenia. Linezolid is used in children to treat infections, mainly those caused by resistant Gram-positive organisms or drug-resistant tuberculosis [23][24][25][26]. Linezolid can cause lactic acidosis in a small proportion of patients [27].…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-induced acid-base disorders

et al. 2014

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The incidence of acid-base disorders (ABDs) is high, especially in hospitalized patients. ABDs are often indicators for severe systemic disorders. In everyday clinical practice, analysis of ABDs must be performed in a standardized manner. Highly sensitive diagnostic tools to distinguish the various ABDs include the anion gap and the serum osmolar gap. Drug-induced ABDs can be classified into five different categories in terms of their pathophysiology: (1) metabolic acidosis caused by acid overload, which may occur through accumulation of acids by endogenous (e.g., lactic acidosis by biguanides, propofol-related syndrome) or exogenous (e.g., glycol-dependant drugs, such as diazepam or salicylates) mechanisms or by decreased renal acid excretion (e.g., distal renal tubular acidosis by amphotericin B, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, vitamin D); (2) base loss: proximal renal tubular acidosis by drugs (e.g., ifosfamide, aminoglycosides, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, antiretrovirals, oxaliplatin or cisplatin) in the context of Fanconi syndrome; (3) alkalosis resulting from acid and/or chloride loss by renal (e.g., diuretics, penicillins, aminoglycosides) or extrarenal (e.g., laxative drugs) mechanisms; (4) exogenous bicarbonate loads: milk-alkali syndrome, overshoot alkalosis after bicarbonate therapy or citrate administration; and (5) respiratory acidosis or alkalosis resulting from drug-induced depression of the respiratory center or neuromuscular impairment (e.g

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Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-induced acid-base disorders

et al. 2014

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“…3 Linezolid was originally approved by Food and Drug Administration of United States for pediatric use in 2002, for treatment indicated infections, such as skin and skin structure infections, communityacquired and nosocomial pneumonia, and infections with vancomycinresistant Enterococcus faecium. 4 The advantages of linezolid compared to glycopeptide antibiotics include clinical and microbiological efficacy, excellent tissue penetration and lack of requirement for therapeutic drug monitoring. 5 It has a low adverse effect profile compared with glycopeptide antibiotics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linezolid-related adverse effects in clinical practice in children

et al. 2017

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Introduction:Linezolid may cause adverse effects such as thrombocytopenia, which were found to be dependent on receiving linezolid for longer than 2 weeks. There are limited studies concerning the safety and timing of linezolidrelated adverse effects in children. Objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of adverse effects associated with linezolid, with especially focusing on the time of occurrence. Population and Methods: All children (≤18 years of age) who received ≥3 days of linezolid therapy were included in this study. Adverse effects attributed to linezolid and time of occurrence of side effects was evaluated.

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“…It may be used in a variety of other infections. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] But, the main problem associated with the drug is resistance. Levamisole is one of the ideal candidates in this fixed dose combination, because of its immunomodulatory effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of Linezolid and Levamisole Hydrochloride in a Fixed Dose Combination

Kumar¹,

Yadav²,

Rathnanand³

2017

IJPER

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Background: The combination of antibiotics with an immune-stimulant can be used for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance. Multilayer tablets of linezolid and levamisole hydrochloride can be a solution of this problem. Objective: Aim of the present study was to High Performance Liquid Chromatography method development and validation as per the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines for analysis of both the drugs simultaneously in a single unit dosage form. Methods: Ammonium acetate and acetonitrile in the ratio 65:35 (%v/v) was used as mobile phase. Ultra violet detection was carried out at 236 nm and flow rate was kept as 0.9 mL/min. Results: Linezolid and levamisole hydrochloride were found at 4.61 min and 6.45 min retention times, respectively. Conclusion: The study confirmed that the present method can be used for routine simultaneous analysis of linezolid and levamisole hydrochloride.

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Use of linezolid in pediatrics: a critical review

Abstract: Linezolid is promising as a safe and efficacious agent for the treatment of infections due to mainly resistant Gram-positive organisms in children who are unable to tolerate conventional agents or after treatment failure.

Cited by 41 publications

References 55 publications

Drug-induced acid-base disorders

Drug-induced acid-base disorders

Linezolid-related adverse effects in clinical practice in children

Simultaneous Determination of Linezolid and Levamisole Hydrochloride in a Fixed Dose Combination

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