Use of linear and non-linear functions to describe the growth of young sport- and race-horses born in Normandy

Valette, Jean-Paul; Robert, Céline; Denoix, Jean‐Marie

doi:10.1017/s1751731107001462

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The body measurement that was amplified the most was frog length, which increased by 35% from August to December. There are no studies on growth in American Standardbreds in the same age as in the present study, but the height at withers at 18 months was similar to that found in French Standardbred horses (152 cm (Valette et al, 2008)). Horses in the present study were on average 2.8 cm taller at croup than at withers, which is similar (2.1 cm) to what was reported by Sandgren et al (1993) for 14.5-month-old colts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Growth, training response and health in Standardbred yearlings fed a forage-only diet

Ringmark

Roepstorff

Essén‐Gustavsson

et al. 2013

Animal

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The aim of this study was to, from a holistic perspective, describe the effects of a forage-only feeding system and a conventional training program on young Standardbred horses and compare data with similar observations from the literature. Sixteen Standardbred colts fed a forage-only diet for 4 months from breaking (August to December) and with the goal to vigorously trot 5 to 7 km at a speed of 5.6 m/s (3 min/km) were studied. The horses were fed grass haylage (56 to 61% dry matter (DM), 2.80 to 3.02 Mcal DE/kg DM and 130 to 152 g CP/kg DM) ad libitum, 1 kg of a lucerne product and minerals. The amount of training and number of training sessions were documented daily, and feed intake and body development were measured once every month. Heart rate (HR) was measured during and after a standardized exercise test in October and December. In December, a postexercise venous blood sample was collected and analyzed for plasma lactate concentration. Muscle biopsies (m. gluteus medius) were taken and analyzed for glycogen and fiber composition. Health was assessed in October and November by an independent veterinarian using a standardized health scoring protocol. BW and height at withers increased from 402 to 453 kg (root mean square error (RMSE) 6) and from 148.7 to 154.1 cm (RMSE 0.7), respectively, and the body condition score was 4.9 (RMSE 0.2) at the end of the study. Muscle glycogen content was 532 mmol/kg dry weight (s.d. 56). There was a significant decrease in postexercise HR (81 v. 73 bpm, RMSE 8), and the individual amount of training was negatively correlated with HR during and after exercise. Health scores were high and similar at both assessments (8.4 and 8.4 (RMSE 1.0) out of 10; P . 0.05), and the number of lost training days per month due to health problems was ,0.9, with the exception of November (5.3 days). It is concluded that yearlings in training fed high-energy forage ad libitum can reach a conventional training goal and grow at least as well as earlier observations on yearlings of other light breeds.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Growth, training response and health in Standardbred yearlings fed a forage-only diet

Ringmark

Roepstorff

Essén‐Gustavsson

et al. 2013

Animal

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“…The dynamic of growth measure in this study indicated a curvilinear pattern in IHDH horses in both periods of the study, that is, between 9 and 18 mo of age. Many other authors have reported that the growth curve in horses can be predicted better from nonlinear functions (Austbø, 2005;Delobel et al, 2005;Greene et al, 2005;Martin Rosset, 2005;Valette et al, 2008). However, to our knowledge, this is the first time that Legendre polynomials have been used to describe the growth of young horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…However, to our knowledge, this is the first time that Legendre polynomials have been used to describe the growth of young horses. Growth parameters may be expressed by different equations, such as linear functions, logarithmic curves, or sigmoid or polynomial curves (Valette et al, 2008). Legendre polynomials make variation in traits over time easy to model (Meyer, 2001) and have the advantage of being orthogonal and linearly independent (Shaeffer and Dekkers, 1994;Meyer, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo performance of Italian Heavy Draft Horse weanlings fed two protein levels and slaughtered at two ages 1

Mantovani

Guzzo

Sartori

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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This study aimed at evaluating in vivo performance, growth parameters, intakes, dressing percentage, and blood parameters in Italian Heavy Draft Horse (IHDH) weanlings fed 2 CP levels up to the 2 typical ages of slaughter. Forty-one weanlings were grouped in 8 pens according to sex, age, and BW. After a transition period, animals were randomly assigned to 2 isoenergetic diets containing different CP levels: 10.6 and 11.2% CP in DM for low protein (LP) and 13.2 and 14.7% CP in DM for high protein (HP) diets in the first and second phase, respectively. About half of the animals (n = 22) were slaughtered when aged 13 mo (end of first phase); the remaining animals (n = 19) were slaughtered at 18 mo (end of second phase). Animals were weighed, measured for withers height, and scored in vivo for fleshiness and BCS at 3 wk intervals. Feed intake in each pen was measured weekly, and feed samples were collected every 2 mo. Blood samples from venous jugular were collected in both phases to analyze plasma protein, urea, glucose, bilirubin, hepatic enzymes, and mineral content. Growth parameters were estimated within phase by modeling BW as a function of age using fourth-degree Legendre polynomials. During the first phase, a different linear coefficient (P = 0.051) for the growth curve was observed between females fed a HP or a LP diet, while males showed differences only on quadratic and cubic Legendre coefficients. However, no significant differences were detected in ADG between the CP levels and sexes. In the second phase, Legendre coefficients were not different between treatments for the remaining weanlings, and once again no differences were found on ADG. The DM intake was influenced by diets in both periods, greater in the HP diet as compared with the LP diet (P < 0.001). No differences due to diet were observed for fleshiness or BCS scores at the end of each phase or in the dressing percentage at slaughter. As expected, plasma urea was greater (P < 0.001) in animals fed the HP diet but was within a normal range for healthy horses. In conclusion, a small dietary protein restriction (i.e., on average 3% of DM) did not change the in vivo performance of IHDH weanlings up to 13 or up to 18 mo of age.

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“…The direct measurements on live animals with simple instruments like an height measuring stick and flexible measuring tapes are the most common methods reported in biometric studies, both in growing (Kavazis & Ott, 2003;Cabral et al, 2004b;Valette et al, 2008) and in adult horses (Zeckner et al, 2001;Cabral et al, 2004a;Gómez et al, 2009;Komosa et al, 2013;Menezes et al, 2014). Other methodologies like photogrammetric methods (Thompson, 1995;Barrey et al, 2002) or the 3-D video morphometric measurements have been applied (Weller et al, 2006;Santos, 2008;Kristjansson et al, 2013;Solé et al, 2014).…”

Section: Morpho-functional Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Development of the Lusitano Foal on Extensive Systems

Fradinho

2020

Advances in Animal Health, Medicine and Production

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vi concretização de uma parte deste trabalho. Um agradecimento muito especial à Doutora Ana Catarina Vale, também do IST, por todo o envolvimento e colaboração nestes ensaios. Ao Dr. Nuno Bernardes, pela amizade e disponibilidade que sempre teve para nos acompanhar ao longo destes anos. Obrigada por todo o envolvimento nos trabalhos relativos à qualidade do osso (desde o campo até ao corte do "dito"), pelos RX e sua interpretação e pela revisão dos aspectos mais específicos relacionados com os problemas osteoarticulares. Às entidades e coudelarias que facultaram as suas instalações e efectivos. Este trabalho só foi possível graças ao seu envolvimento e colaboração:  Ao ex-Serviço Nacional Coudélico, na pessoa do seu Director à época, Dr. Costa Ferreira, o qual permitiu a inclusão da equipa da FMV no projecto POCI;  À Coudelaria de Alter, posteriormente incluída na ex-Fundação Alter Real, nas pessoas do seu Presidente Engº Vítor Barros e da sua Directora Dra. Idalina Trindade. Em particular, gostaria de agradecer a toda a equipa da Coudelaria de Alter que nos acompanhou e recebeu nos dias de trabalho de campo. À Dra. Maria José Correia, pelo seu empenho e pela sua boa disposição. Obrigada Zézinha, pela invulgar disponibilidade e pela franca amizade! Aos restantes ajudantes, Dra. Madalena Roquette, Sr. Ricardo Antunes, Sr. António Gomes e Sr. Ricardo Vicente, o meu sincero agradecimento;  À Coudelaria Nacional, posteriormente também integrada na ex-Fundação Alter Real, um agradecimento a todos os que de alguma forma colaboraram neste trabalho. Ao Dr. Mário Barbosa, ao Engº Francisco Beja ("dividido" depois também com a Coudelaria de Alter), ao Dr. Ricardo Agrícola, ao Dr. Vitor Grácio, ao Sr. João Francisco Gonçalves, ao Sr. João Fandinga, ao Sr. Lucílio Almeida e ao Sr. Manuel Pechorro (em memória);  Ao Sr. José Manuel de Mello (em memória), pelo pronto acolhimento e pelo entusiasmo com que recebeu este projecto na Coudelaria do Monte da Ravasqueira. Infelizmente a sua perda prematura não permitiu que pudéssemos seguir os seus animais para além de um primeiro ano. Um agradecimento especial a toda a equipa que nos acompanhou na Coudelaria, a Dra. Maria José Vila-Viçosa, o Sr. Júlio Jarego da Fonseca e o Sr. Mariano;  Ao Engº Manuel Campilho e ao seu filho Diogo Campilho, pelo pronto acolhimento deste projecto na Quinta da Lagoalva de Cima, pelo interesse e pela disponibilidade sempre demonstrados. Um agradecimento especial à restante equipa que nos acompanhou, ao Dr. Miguel Bliebernicht, ao Sr. António Rosa e ao Sr. Luís Mira (obrigada pelo contacto com os vossos cavalos de atrelagem e também pelos ensinamentos relativos a esta disciplina);  À Companhia das Lezírias, nas pessoas do seu Presidente à época, Engº Vítor Barros e da sua Administradora Dra. Ana Teresa Caseiro. Mais recentemente, um agradecimento muito especial ao seu actual Presidente, Engº António Saraiva, pelo seu interesse e incentivo. Em particular gostaria de agradecer a todos os que estiveram envolvidos no trabalho de campo, pela ajuda e pela...

show abstract

Use of linear and non-linear functions to describe the growth of young sport- and race-horses born in Normandy

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Growth, training response and health in Standardbred yearlings fed a forage-only diet

Growth, training response and health in Standardbred yearlings fed a forage-only diet

In vivo performance of Italian Heavy Draft Horse weanlings fed two protein levels and slaughtered at two ages 1

Growth and Development of the Lusitano Foal on Extensive Systems

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