Use of levonorgestrel as an effective means of contraception in the white‐faced saki (<i>Pithecia pithecia</i>)

Savage, Anne; Zirofsky, Dara S.; Shideler, S. E.; Smith, Teresa M.; Lasley, Bill L.

doi:10.1002/zoo.10006

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Subjects expressed aggression at peripheral individuals via chasing and provided details about social strategies that researchers should examine further in free-ranging sakis. I also present data on female reproduction and development that accord well with studies of captive sakis (Savage et al, 1992(Savage et al, , 2002Shideler et al, 1994).…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

“…that could well extend to differences in grouping patterns and habitat use. Savage et al (1992Savage et al ( , 2002 defined reproductive parameters for captive white-faced saki females. A 17-d estrous cycle was documented in wild sakis and the 21-mo IBI Shideler et al (1994) documented for captive sakis identical to we calculated for the wild sakis (average of 21.2 mo, range 12-36 mo).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fecal samples permitted us to document physiological events that are useful from a demographic perspective, i.e., onset of ovulatory function, pregnancy, early fetal loss, and duration of lactation. Shideler et al (1994) and Savage et al (1992Savage et al ( , 2002) explicate more detailed methods and related work on the reproductive physiology and behavior of captive white-faced sakis.…”

Section: Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term Study of Group Dynamics and Female Reproduction in Venezuelan Pithecia pithecia

Norconk

2006

Int J Primatol

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supporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term Study of Group Dynamics and Female Reproduction in Venezuelan Pithecia pithecia

Norconk

2006

Int J Primatol

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“…LNG has strong progestational effects and lacks estrogen-like activity [Lemus et al, 1992]. Although effective and efficient as a contraceptive, the mode of contraceptive action of LNG is multiple and varies from species to species [Croxatto et al, 1982;Shaaban et al, 1984Shaaban et al, , 1993Brache et al, 1985;Ratsula et al, 1989;Faundes et al, 1991;Telleria et al, 1994;Kuhnz et al, 1995;Shirley and Bundren, 1995;Bettinger et al, 1997;Savage et al, 1998;Tell et al, 1999]. The modes of action of LNG include anovulation, deficient luteal phases, suppression of follicular growth, and alterations to cervical mucus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of levonorgestrel when administered as an irradiated, slow‐release injectable matrix for feline contraception

et al. 2001

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Reliable and safe methods of reversible contraception are needed for use in zoo felids. The efficacy of levonorgestrel (LNG) as a contraceptive, when delivered as a cesium-irradiated, slow-release, injectable matrix, was tested in domestic cats as a model for exotic cats. An increase (P = 0.0017) in body weight was observed in treated but not control queens (P = 0.2146). All control queens (n = 6), which received injections of matrix only, but none of the LNG-treated queens (n = 6) became pregnant during the trial. Levonorgestrel was effective in preventing pregnancy for at least 36 weeks after two injections of drug-loaded formulations (40 mg/kg body weight), administered 68 days apart. Throughout the study, all control queens displayed luteal activity and fluctuating fecal estradiol concentrations, whereas the LNG-treated queens displayed lower estradiol concentrations and no luteal activity after treatment. We conclude that LNG, when delivered as a cesium-irradiated, slow-release, injectable matrix, is an effective contraceptive in domestic cats, reducing follicular activity, and thus, preventing mating and luteal activity. Zoo Biol 20: [407][408][409][410][411][412][413][414][415][416][417][418][419][420][421] 2001.

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“…Alternatively, ovulation in LNG treated koalas may be prevented, even if mating is achieved through inhibition of the LH surge, as is the case in many other spontaneous ovulating species including the tammar wallaby (Baldwin et al, 1994, Bettinger et al, 1997, Savage et al, 2002, Hynes et al, 2007. The ability of luteal or exogenous progestogen to suppress gonadotrophin secretion and subsequently inhibit follicular growth in the koala has not been specifically investigated, however, Johnston (1999) has shown that behavioural oestrous is at least suppressed during the luteal phase in both pregnant and non-pregnant koalas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the reproductive physiology and management of the female koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): factors affecting the control of the oestrous cycle

Ballantyne¹

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The objective of this thesis was to investigate the factors controlling the reproductive cycle of the female koala and develop an oestrous synchronization technique to facilitate the further refinement and efficacy of artificial insemination (AI) in the koala. A component of this development was the establishment of less invasive strategies to accurately monitor the reproductive status of the female koala, without the need for physical restraint or serial venipuncture. Chapter 2 of this thesis evaluated the efficacy of faecal oestrogen analysis, combined with the detection of oestrous behaviour as a control, to monitor ovarian cycles. Whilst faecal oestrogens did not correlate well with plasma oestradiol-17β to allow for an accurate estimate of cycle length or indicate or predict the precise timing of oestrus, the individual mean faecal oestrogen concentrations did, however, show a strong relationship to the individual mean plasma oestradiol-17β concentrations for each koala; in addition total faecal oestrogens were significantly higher in cycling females (P = 0.007).Chapters 3 and 4 of this thesis examined factors controlling reproductive cyclicity in the female koala. The pattern of prolactin (Prl) secretion and its relationship to oestrous behaviour and pouch young (PY) development throughout lactation in the koala was investigated in C]hapter 3.Oestrous behaviour was suppressed throughout the majority of lactation despite basal levels of Prl during early lactation. Koalas returned to oestrus some 102 days before PY had reached independence. The koala anterior pituitary also remained responsive in terms of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion to injections of mammalian gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (mGnRH) during periods of high and low Prl secretion. Chapter 4 investigated the seasonality of oestrous behaviour (oestrous cycle activity) in a captive koala population in Southeast Queensland (SEQ).Although some individual koalas in the population showed signs of oestrous behaviour throughout the year, an obvious seasonality was apparent with significantly less females displaying oestrous iii behaviour in late autumn and winter (May -August), than September to April (P < 0.0001). While average monthly photoperiod (P < 0.0001) and average monthly temperature (P < 0.0001) were associated with oestrous behaviour, rainfall was not (P = 0.097).Chapters 5 and 6 report studies which investigated techniques, designed to allow for the manipulation and planning of timed insemination of female koalas. The impact of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, azaline B on LH and ovarian steroid hormone secretion in response to stimulation with mGnRH and its potential application in an oestrous synchronization protocol in cycling koalas was examined in chapter 5. In experiment 1, single sub-cutaneous (SC) injections of azaline B successfully blocked the ability of the anterior pituitary (AP) to respond to exogenous mGnRH in a dose dependant manner: 0 mg (n = 4) did not suppress LH response, 1 mg (n = 6) su...

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Use of levonorgestrel as an effective means of contraception in the white‐faced saki (Pithecia pithecia)

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Long-term Study of Group Dynamics and Female Reproduction in Venezuelan Pithecia pithecia

Long-term Study of Group Dynamics and Female Reproduction in Venezuelan Pithecia pithecia

Efficacy of levonorgestrel when administered as an irradiated, slow‐release injectable matrix for feline contraception

New insights into the reproductive physiology and management of the female koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): factors affecting the control of the oestrous cycle

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