Long-term Study of Group Dynamics and Female Reproduction in Venezuelan Pithecia pithecia

Norconk, Marilyn A.

doi:10.1007/s10764-006-9030-7

Cited by 33 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…branch-shaking and vocalizing) and chases than females [Thompson et al, 2012]. Females occasionally scent-mark and vocalize during encounters, but they have not been observed to engage in direct interactions, and they tend to remain behind the male(s) during intergroup encounters [Norconk, 2006;Thompson et al, 2012]. Similar observations have been made in equatorial sakis (P. aequatorialis) [Porter et al, unpubl.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…However, until paternity analyses confirm this, we refer to the younger females as the 'putative adult daughter' and the 'putative juvenile daughter' of the resident male. We classified the older putative daughter as an adult based on the literature on ontogeny and life history traits from both wild and captive populations of sakis [Savage et al, 1995;Norconk, 2006;Van Belle et al, 2015]. In addition, at the time the immigrant male joined the group, the putative adult daughter was almost five years old and, later in the study, at the age of 5.5 years she gave birth to an infant.…”

Section: Study Site and Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Saki Saga: Dynamic and Disruptive Relationships among Pithecia aequatorialis in Ecuador

Porter

Grote

Isbell

et al. 2015

IJFP

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Saki monkeys live in socially monogamous groups and in groups containing more than one same-sex adult. As part of a 10-year study of equatorial sakis (Pithecia aequatorialis) in Ecuador, we documented the immigration of a second adult male into a group containing a resident male-female pair that had associated with one another for seven years and the resident female's two daughters. In the first month after immigration, the resident male spent more time closer to and grooming his putative adult daughter than the resident female, and the two males were seen performing a cooperative territorial display. After two months, the resident male interacted more with the resident female than with his putative adult daughter, while that daughter interacted more with the immigrant male and copulated with him. After three months, the males left the group together and associated with an unfamiliar female, leaving the resident females and a neonate behind. The resident male then paired with a new female, while the immigrant male joined another group, again as a second male. Compared to other socially monogamous primates, sakis appear to have a more variable social system whereby additional males can join established groups and form relationships with putatively unrelated males.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Study Site and Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Saki Saga: Dynamic and Disruptive Relationships among Pithecia aequatorialis in Ecuador

Porter

Grote

Isbell

et al. 2015

IJFP

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“…At the time of the adult male's immigration, the group contained the original adult female present since the onset of the study (hereafter the "resident female") and her 3 offspring: a 5-year-old daughter ("adult daughter") born between November 5 and 26, 2006, a 1.5-year-old daughter ("juvenile daughter") born between March 9 and 15, 2010, and a 1-month-old infant of unknown sex born between November 15 and December 3, 2011. We classified the older daughter as an adult based on the literature on ontogeny and life history traits from both wild and captive populations of sakis [Savage et al, 1995;Norconk, 2006;Van Belle et al, 2015] and by the fact that she gave birth to an infant in late October 2012, at the age of 5.5 years. We first observed an unknown male ranging with the group on December 16, 2011, just 4 days after the previous resident male (who was the putative father of both the daughters and the infant) had left the group with another known adult male and an unknown female [Porter et al, 2015].…”

Section: Study Site and Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Dispersal and Immigration in Equatorial Sakis (Pithecia aequatorialis): Factors in the Transition from Pair- to Group-Living

Porter¹,

Grote²,

Isbell³

et al. 2017

IJFP

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Saki monkeys (Pithecia spp.) live in pairs and small groups, sometimes with more than 1 same-sex adult. Previous studies have not been able to distinguish additional, unrelated adults from adult-sized offspring, but both can influence social relationships and mating strategies, albeit in different ways. In this study, we documented the immigration of an adult male equatorial saki (P. aequatorialis) into a group following the departure of the previous resident male. At immigration, the group contained an adult female, her 5-year-old (adult age) and 1.5-year-old daughters, and her 1-month-old infant. We used nearest neighbor, approach, grooming, playing, aggression, and copulation data to describe the social dynamics between the immigrant male and the 2 adult females. In the 12 months following his arrival, the immigrant male tended to be closer to and groom the adult daughter more than the mother, but he mated with both females. Both females interacted more with the immigrant male than with each other, and both females eventually reproduced. These observations provide evidence that in equatorial sakis, adult offspring may delay dispersal and reproduce within their natal group, thus transitioning from groups of reproductive pairs to groups with more than 1 reproductive adult of the same sex.

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“…Although extra adult-sized individuals have been reported to occur occasionally in groups of titis [Bicca-Marques et al, 2002;C€ asar et al, 2012;Felton et al, 2006] and sakis [Aquino et al, 2009;Lehman et al, 2001;Norconk, 2006;Norconk & Setz, 2013;Thompson, 2013], the circumstances under which such groups were seen ought to be considered. For example, limited dispersal opportunities in small or densely populated habitat fragments might result in mature offspring remaining in their natal group [Bicca-Marques et al, 2002;Felton et al, 2006;Norconk, 2006;Setz & Gaspar, 1997]. Additionally, the social system of species within the same genus might differ such that certain species more frequently have groups containing extra adult-sized individuals compared to other species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Offspring became peripheral to their natal group for the first time when they were between 3 and 5 years old [Norconk, 2006]. Due to the confinement of the landscape, some of these male and female offspring returned to their natal group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demography and life history of wild red titi monkeys (Callicebus discolor) and equatorial sakis (Pithecia aequatorialis) in Amazonian Ecuador: A 12‐year study

Belle

Fernández-Duque

Fiore

2015

American J Primatol

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We investigated demographic patterns and life history traits from several groups of red titi monkeys (Callicebus discolor) and equatorial sakis (Pithecia aequatorialis) monitored throughout the first 12 years (November 2003 through May 2015) of an ongoing research project in the Yasuní National Park and Biosphere Reserve, Ecuador. The saki groups ranged in size between two and six individuals, comprising either one adult male and one adult female or multiple adult-sized males or females, plus immatures. Deviations from a pair-living structure resulted when two different daughters of the resident female grew up and successfully reproduced in their natal group and when an adult-sized male temporarily immigrated into the group when it already contained an adult male. The titi groups also ranged in size between two and six individuals, but almost exclusively lived in groups with one adult individual of each sex. No titi offspring were observed to breed in their natal groups, and both male and female offspring dispersed when they were between 2.1 and 5.0 years old. In both titi and saki groups, vacant breeding positions resulting from the disappearance of an adult group member were promptly occupied by immigrants of the same sex as the disappeared group member. We recorded nine saki and 28 titi births. Eighty-three percent of the titi births occurred between September and January, suggesting reproductive seasonality. The mean interbirth interval after an infant survived its first 6 months was 21.3 ± SE 1.9 months (N = 3) for sakis and 14.5 ± SE 1.5 months (N = 14) for titis. Saki infant survival was 70%, and juvenile survival 57%. Titi infant survival was 88%, and juvenile survival was 53%. This 12-year study provides important insights into the functioning and maintenance of pair-living and social monogamy in two little-known platyrrhine species.

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Long-term Study of Group Dynamics and Female Reproduction in Venezuelan Pithecia pithecia

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

A Saki Saga: Dynamic and Disruptive Relationships among Pithecia aequatorialis in Ecuador

A Saki Saga: Dynamic and Disruptive Relationships among Pithecia aequatorialis in Ecuador

Delayed Dispersal and Immigration in Equatorial Sakis (Pithecia aequatorialis): Factors in the Transition from Pair- to Group-Living

Demography and life history of wild red titi monkeys (Callicebus discolor) and equatorial sakis (Pithecia aequatorialis) in Amazonian Ecuador: A 12‐year study

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