Use of Iranian steel slag for production of ceramic floor tiles

Abstract

In this paper, the authors have tried to introduce the use of electric arc furnace steel slag as a raw material in the floor tile body. Experimental samples were prepared with different amounts of slag (10-50 wt-%) using the die pressing method. Fabricated samples were fired in an industrial roller kiln at 1140uC. Thermal behaviour of the samples was investigated by simultaneous thermal analysis and dilatometery. X-ray diffraction analysis identified Wustite (FeO), as the major phase in the used slag. The effect of slag addition on the strength of experimental samples was evaluated by four-point bending strength test. Sintering behaviour of different samples was investigated by measuring shrinkage, relative density and water absorption. Results showed that addition of more than 40 wt-% slag to the base body generates closed porosities in the specimens due to the bloating phenomenon which reduces the bending strength. The wear resistance test on this sample confirmed that it can be used as a standard floor tile.

Recycling of Malaysia’s electric arc furnace (EAF) slag waste into heavy-duty green ceramic tile

“…Cho et al (2006), investigating the effects of particle shape on packing density of natural sands, found that the larger the particle size, the higher the probability of imperfection and brittle fracturing of the compacted powder. Similarly, in this study, more pores were observed in ceramic tile with a higher percentage of large particle sized EAF slag (Badiee et al, 2008).…”

“…As opposed to electric arc furnace (EAF) slag, blast furnace (BF) slag has been successfully utilized for ceramic tile due to its low iron oxide content (0.5-1.5 wt.%) (Ghosh et al, 2002). Unfortunately, the high iron oxide content in EAF slag (30-34 wt.%) tends to reduce densification range of ceramic tile, leading to incomplete sintering process (Sarkar et al, 2010) and eventually yields tile with high closed porosity (Badiee et al, 2008). Due to these reasons, water absorption and flexural strength of the ceramic tile deteriorated.…”

Chemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Ghanaian Foundry Slags

“…The amount of slag generation in this industry would increase as foundrymen continue to charge rusted scraps, low quality furnace linings, and poor energy efficiency furnaces. Metallurgical slags have been used as raw materials for reclamation, cement production, road construction, floor tiles and fertilizers production, or soil conditioning [17][18][19][20]. The presence of major oxides like CaO, SiO 2 , FeO and Al 2 O 3 make metallurgical slag useful as clinker material in cement productions [21].…”

Effect of Fly Ash on the Properties of Ceramics Prepared from Steel Slag

“…The pore diameter of sample 5 was about 100 µm, and some even exceeded 110 µm. The presence of pores can affect the mechanical properties of the sample, which is an important reason for the decrease in flexural strength [25]. Second, Figure 5f-j show the presence of many crystal in the five sintered samples.…”