Use of ion trap gas chromatography–multiple mass spectrometry for the detection and confirmation of 3′hydroxystanozolol at trace levels in urine for doping control

Mateus-Avois, Lidia; Mangin, Patrice; Saugy, Martial

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.11.033

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Samples were prepared and extracted as described elsewhere [21], but derivatized with MSTFA/ammonium iodide/ethanethiol (1000:2:4, v/w/v), and analyzed by GC/MS as described in Section 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and mechanism of formation of an important ion in doping control

Borges

Taccogno

Crouch

et al. 2005

International Journal of Mass Spectrometry

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“…Samples were prepared and extracted as described elsewhere [21], but derivatized with MSTFA/ammonium iodide/ethanethiol (1000:2:4, v/w/v), and analyzed by GC/MS as described in Section 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and mechanism of formation of an important ion in doping control

Borges

Taccogno

Crouch

et al. 2005

International Journal of Mass Spectrometry

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“…The amount of ␤-glucuronidase from E. coli used for hydrolysis of steroid glucuronides in human urine varies in the literature from 1.6 U/mL [34], to 4 U/mL [35], to 1000 U/mL [36]. In this study, two male human urines with relatively high creatinine contents (0.85 mg/mL and 2.118 mg/mL), and therefore assumed high steroid concentrations, were hydrolyzed in duplicate with 20, 40 and 80 L enzyme, prepared as described in Section 2.4, corresponding to 500, 1000 and 2000 U/mL urine, respectively.…”

Section: Amount Of β-Glucuronidase Used For Hydrolysis Of Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 23 endogenous steroids in small quantities of primate urine

Hauser

Deschner

Boesch

2008

Journal of Chromatography B

129

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“…Since stanozolol and 3 ′ -hydroxystanozolol are structurally different from most AAS, they can be more difficult to detect in urine than other AAS [11], and thus require bespoke methods. Depending on the dose administered, once in the body, stanozolol gets rapidly metabolised and the metabolites are generally detected in urine until ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the dose administered, once in the body, stanozolol gets rapidly metabolised and the metabolites are generally detected in urine until ca. 6 days [11]. Thus, urinalysis generally fails to determine the long term history of an individual’s drug use [12], which is a major hindrance in cases of performance-enhancing drugs used in preparation for competition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering that such genetic and metabolic variations may limit the efficacy of urinalysis in testing doping, it can be suggested that urinalysis, if used as a stand-alone test, is susceptible to confounding doping results [11-13,16-21]. Owing to the growing number of doping cases with AAS [1-6], there is an ever-increasing need to develop new methods to detect drug doping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of stanozolol and 3′-hydroxystanozolol in rat hair, urine and serum using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Deshmukh

Zachár

Petróczi

et al. 2012

Chemistry Central Journal

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BackgroundAnabolic androgenic steroids, such as stanozolol, are typically misused by athletes during preparation for competition. Out-of-competition testing presents a unique challenge in the current anti-doping detection system owing to logistic reasons. Analysing hair for the presence of a prohibited drug offers a feasible solution for covering the wider window in out-of-competition testing. To assist in vivo studies aiming to establish a relationship between drug levels detected in hair, urine and blood, sensitive methods for the determination of stanozolol and its major metabolite 3′-hydroxystanozolol were developed in pigmented hair, urine and serum, using brown Norway rats as a model system and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).ResultsFor method development, spiked drug free rat hair, blood and urine samples were used. The newly developed method was then applied to hair, urine and serum samples from five brown Norway rats after treatment (intraperitoneal) with stanozolol for six consecutive days at 5.0 mg/kg/day. The assay for each matrix was linear within the quantification range with determination coefficient (r2) values above 0.995. The respective assay was capable of detecting 0.125 pg/mg stanozolol and 0.25 pg/mg 3′-hydroxystanozolol with 50 mg hair; 0.063 ng/mL stanozolol and 0.125 ng/mL 3′-hydroxystanozolol with 100 μL of urine or serum. The accuracy, precision and extraction recoveries of the assays were satisfactory for the detection of both compounds in all three matrices. The average concentrations of stanozolol and 3′-hydroxystanozolol, were as follows: hair = 70.18 ± 22.32 pg/mg and 13.01 ± 3.43 pg/mg; urine = 4.34 ± 6.54 ng/mL and 9.39 ± 7.42 ng/mL; serum = 7.75 ± 3.58 ng/mL and 7.16 ± 1.97 ng/mL, respectively.ConclusionsThe developed methods are sensitive, specific and reproducible for the determination of stanozolol and 3′-hydroxystanozolol in rat hair, urine and serum. These methods can be used for in vivo studies further investigating stanozolol metabolism, but also could be extended for doping testing. Owing to the complementary nature of these tests, with urine and serum giving information on recent drug use and hair providing retrospective information on habitual use, it is suggested that blood or urine tests could accompany hair analysis and thus avoid false doping results.

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Use of ion trap gas chromatography–multiple mass spectrometry for the detection and confirmation of 3′hydroxystanozolol at trace levels in urine for doping control

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

Structure and mechanism of formation of an important ion in doping control

Structure and mechanism of formation of an important ion in doping control

Development of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 23 endogenous steroids in small quantities of primate urine

Determination of stanozolol and 3′-hydroxystanozolol in rat hair, urine and serum using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

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