Development of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 23 endogenous steroids in small quantities of primate urine

Hauser, Barbara; Deschner, Tobias; Boesch, Christophe

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.11.009

Cited by 129 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…We successfully measured all but three Taï samples for cortisol following Hauser et al (2008). However, we corrected cortisol levels of chimpanzee urine samples using deuterated testosterone because a coelution at the retention time of the traditional internal standard for cortisol, prednisolone, prevented us from using this standard.…”

Section: Laboratory Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation in Physiology Challenges the Notion of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) as a Forest-Adapted Species

et al. 2018

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Section: Laboratory Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation in Physiology Challenges the Notion of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) as a Forest-Adapted Species

et al. 2018

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“…Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure urinary cortisol levels (Hauser et al, 2008). Furthermore, each sample was analyzed for creatinine concentrations to correct cortisol measurements for water content in the urine, which varies with the time since the last urination and the level of an animal's hydration (Erb et al, 1970).…”

Section: Urine Sample Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Rhythms of Urinary Cortisol Levels Vary Between Individuals in Wild Male Chimpanzees: A Reaction Norm Approach

et al. 2018

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Investigating the repeatability of trait variation between individuals, that is the amount of individual variation in relation to overall phenotypic variation, indicates an upper level of heritability and reveals whether a given trait may be subject to selection. Labile traits are characterized by high levels of flexibility and consequently low trait repeatability is expected. Indeed, research examining glucocorticoid levels in various non-mammal species found low repeatability scores. However, mammals may be different in this respect as (i) differential maternal care early in life has the potential to prime hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning and (ii) allelic variation affecting hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning has been reported. Individuals often differ from each other in average and/or plastic labile trait expression, two aspects that can be described using a reaction norm approach. Both consistent and flexible reaction norm expression has been argued to serve adaptive purposes, depending on the stability and predictability of environmental conditions. Here, we investigated both trait and reaction norm repeatability of urinary cortisol levels in wild adult male chimpanzees. To capture the expression of the circadian urinary cortisol rhythm of individual males over time, urine samples were collected throughout the day. In total data of 30 males collected over a period of 8 years were included in the dataset. No male was sampled over the whole 8-year period however. We found minor levels of trait repeatability but considerable reaction norm repeatability. This implies a minor role of genetic or priming factors on cortisol excretion, but reveals that males differ consistently in average urinary cortisol levels and the shape of the circadian urinary cortisol rhythm. Relating these results to fitness parameters will provide answers to questions on the adaptive value of reaction norm repeatability of this labile hormonal trait in the future.

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“…Samples were spiked before purification with the same mixture of internal standards used for the calibration curve, at 50 ng/ml final extract (for detailed information, see Hauser et al (2008)). A mixture of 500 ml urine and 500 ml distilled water (Aqua B. Braun, Melsungen, Germany) was loaded onto a polymer-based reversed phase cartridge (Chromabond HR-X, 30 mg, Macherey-Nagel, Duren, Germany).…”

Section: Solid-phase Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used a Waters Alliance 2695 separation module equipped with a quaternary pump and column oven ( The MS analyses were carried out on a Quattro Premier XE tandem mass spectrometer with Z spray ESI interface (Micromass, Manchester, UK) and the settings were the same as those described in Hauser et al (2008). We examined LC-MS/MS data with MassLynx (Version 4.1; QuanLynxSoftware).…”

Section: Lc-ms/ms Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenarche in bonobos (Pan paniscus): evidence from ontogenetic changes in urinary dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels

Behringer¹,

Hohmann²,

Stevens³

et al. 2012

Journal of Endocrinology

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Adrenarche is characterized by the onset of adrenal secretions of increasing amounts of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S). While the function of adrenarche remains a matter of speculation, evidence suggests that the morphological and physiological changes related to it are restricted to humans and closely related primates. Within the primate order, adrenarche has been described only in humans and chimpanzees, but bonobos, the sister species of chimpanzees, have not yet been studied regarding the early ontogenetic changes such as adrenarche. While bonobos and chimpanzees share many morphological and behavioral characteristics, they differ in a number of behavioral traits, and there is a growing interest in terms of the physiological differences that can be linked to species-specific patterns of social behavior. In this study, we measured urinary DHEA-S levels to determine whether bonobos experience physiological changes that are indicative of adrenarche. We measured DHEA-S in urine using ELISA and analyzed its levels in the samples from 53 bonobos aged 1-18 years. Our results show that bonobos experience an increase in DHEA-S levels after 5 years of age, which is comparable with the patterns observed in humans and chimpanzees. This indicates that bonobos do undergo adrenarche and that the timing of onset is similar to that of the two Pan species. The extraction procedures described in this report demonstrate the use of urine for monitoring ontogenetic changes in DHEA-S excretion. If applicable to other species, the technique would facilitate more research on the evolutionary origin of adrenarche and other developmental processes.

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Development of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 23 endogenous steroids in small quantities of primate urine

Cited by 129 publications

References 42 publications

Seasonal Variation in Physiology Challenges the Notion of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) as a Forest-Adapted Species

Seasonal Variation in Physiology Challenges the Notion of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) as a Forest-Adapted Species

Circadian Rhythms of Urinary Cortisol Levels Vary Between Individuals in Wild Male Chimpanzees: A Reaction Norm Approach

Adrenarche in bonobos (Pan paniscus): evidence from ontogenetic changes in urinary dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels

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