Use of integrated process of petroleum removal from water

Abstract

A B S T R A C TPetroleum compounds appear in the surface and underground water in increasing concentrations. This is due to the emergence of new risks associated with the production, transport, use, and disposal of hazardous waste substances. These pollutants have a strong toxic impact on the organism, hence they should be removed using the most effective methods. This paper deals with the removal of petroleum compounds from water using a combination of classical and membrane methods. Coagulation and reverse osmosis were applied. The study used model water, i.e. distilled water enriched with a mixture of diesel fuel and gasoline. The aim of the study was to determine the possibility of petroleum removal during the hybrid process. The model water was subject to the coagulation process using Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2 O, then filtered and subjected to the reverse osmosis process. Determination of petroleum hydrocarbons in the model water was made after coagulation and reverse osmosis.

The Identification of Fouling in Reverse Osmosis in the Treatment of Water with Petroleum Substances

“…It was observed that for each applied pressure for the tested membrane, the value of volumetric permeate flux obtained for the tested water was lower than for deionized water. This can be attributed to the presence of numerous micro-contaminants and bacteria that can cause fouling in the pores of the membranes [18,19,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. The analysis of the obtained results (Figure 2a,b) shows the decrease of the permeate flux during the tests for each applied BTEX concentration.…”

“…Constant Pressure Pore-Blocking Model (Hermia Model) To identify the fouling mechanism during the reverse osmosis process of the BTEXtype solution in water, a mathematical model describing the drop in flux over time can be used [2,6,[8][9][10][18][19][20][21]:…”

“…In general, membrane fouling can be described as a reduction in membrane permeability as a result of the flow resistance appearing due to pore blocking, concentration polarization, and cake formation [3,[10][11][12][13][14]. Membrane permeability declines due to the accumulation of foulants on the membrane surface or within the membrane pores [3,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Moreover, it has been determined that fouling mechanism depends mainly on the electrostatic interactions between particles, as well as those between particles and the membrane.…”

“…Descriptions related to the operation of membrane processes most often concern optimizing the efficiency and control of contaminants deposition. There are several concepts for modeling membrane efficiency based on the analysis [6][7][8]13,17,18,[20][21][22][23][24][25]: filtration in a nonstationary process (relaxation model), resistances, pore-blocking mechanisms in the membrane (Hermia model), critical flux, surface renewal (lamellar model), or surface modification.…”

Suitability of Highly Polymerised Polyaluminium Chlorides (PACls) in the Treatment of Mixture of Groundwater and Surface Water

“…The different species can be classified into three categories: the monomeric (Al a ), polymerised (Al b ) and precipitated/colloidal (Al c ) species, in which the Al b species are considered to be the most efficient species for DOC (dissolved organic carbon) removal [12]. These coagulant species (Al b ) are considered to be the most efficient Al-species due to their larger size and higher positive charges [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”