Use of <i>n</i>‐butanol as an odorant to standardize the organoleptic scale of breath odour judges

Saad, Saliha; Greenman, John; Duffield, John R.; Sudlow, K.

doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01089.x

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In clinics a major problem of the organoleptic method is that it is impossible to ensure consistency in large numbers of judgments by several examiners. For calibrating and training the examiners, standard compounds (such as n-butanol) are utilized, but these compounds can not necessarily predict odor judges responses to VSCs [29,50]. The primary contributors to oral malodor are H 2 S and CH 3 SH and these should be utilized for calibrating and training the examiners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of clinical protocols in oral malodor research

et al. 2012

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The objective of this study is to standardize protocols for clinical research into oral malodor caused by volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). To detect VSCs, a gas chromatograph (GC) using a flame photometric detector equipped with a bandpass filter (at 393 nm) is the gold standard (sensitivity: 5 × 10(-11) gS s(-1)). The baselines of VSC concentrations in mouth air varied considerably over a week. When the subjects refrained from eating, drinking and oral hygiene including mouth rinsing, the VSC concentrations remained constant until eating. Over a 6 h period after a meal, VSC concentrations decreased dramatically (p < 0.01). These results point to optimal times and conditions for sampling subjects. Several portable devices were compared with the measurements by the GCs. Portable GCs demonstrated capabilities similar to those of the GCs. We also applied the recommended protocols described below to clinical research testing the efficacy of ZnCl(2) products, and confirmed that using the recommended protocols in a randomized crossover design would provide very clear results. Proposed protocols include: (a) a short-term study rather than a long-term study is strongly recommended, since the VSC concentrations are constant in the short term; (b) a crossover study would be the best design to avoid the effects of individual specificities on each clinical intervention; (c) measurements of VSCs should preferably be carried out using either a GC or portable GCs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of clinical protocols in oral malodor research

et al. 2012

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“…The scores did not correlate with gas chromatography scores at all and the use of n-butanol could not be recommended because of its irritant nature. 85 For a good agreement between judges, patients must abstain from hygiene practises, smoking, antibiotics, and foods containing garlic, onion, and spices prior to the examination. 6 Furthermore, the agreement between judges may be increased if they themselves avoid drinking coffee, tea, and juice, smoking, and using scented cosmetics before the organoleptic measurements.…”

Section: Organoleptic Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the current literature on aetiology and measurement methods of halitosis

Broek¹,

Feenstra²,

Baat³

2007

Journal of Dentistry

198

185

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“…Despite some standardization attempts [2,4,43], organoleptic evaluation varies according to the examiner and the technique used, such as whole mouth or nose assessment, including modified tests.…”

Section: Non-standard Organoleptic Examination Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, To define the maximum score in organoleptic studies, the 5 represents being close to saturation of the olfactory receptors [43]. It was assumed that the sniffer reached the maximum (5) odor score when the olfactory receptors were saturated by odor molecules (ligand) [13,16].…”

Section: Non-standard Scoring and Scalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the primary contributor to oral malodor is VSC, smell identification test kits contain n-butanol, which is not a halitotic gas. It is an irritant and may desensitize the human olfactory system [4,43]. Nominal concentrations of n-butanol for threshold (score 0) or saturation (score 5) showed a wide discrepancy between the UK and US groups [43].…”

Section: Problems Related To the Examiner 101 Training Of The Examinermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Criticism of the organoleptic examination for the diagnosis of oral halitosis

Aydın¹

2022

J. Breath Res.

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Organoleptic examination (sniffing and scoring oral odor) was used as a reference standard of halitosis measurement. However, there are several problems that make the diagnostic value of organoleptic examination questionable. This paper revisits risks, inconsistencies and redundancies in protocols and concepts related to organoleptic examination by comparing contemporary techniques and gas detectors or electronic noses. It can be concluded that there is no reason to think that scoring the odor by sniffing the mouth of the patients obtains sufficient evidence for the diagnosis of halitosis.

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Use of n‐butanol as an odorant to standardize the organoleptic scale of breath odour judges

Abstract: The published method had erroneous headspace calculations listed and n-butanol could not be recommended as a training odorant because of its irritancy.

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Standardization of clinical protocols in oral malodor research

Standardization of clinical protocols in oral malodor research

A review of the current literature on aetiology and measurement methods of halitosis

Criticism of the organoleptic examination for the diagnosis of oral halitosis

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