Use of herbal extract from Artemisia herba-alba (Shih) in pharmaceutical preparations for dental hygiene

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance in bacterial species is opening new avenues to search for alternative modes of antimicrobial treatment, medicinal plant extracts being one among them. The aim of this study was to access the possibility of medicinal plant extract from Shih in the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations for oral hygiene specifically for the prevention and treatment of dental caries due to . Antimicrobial effects of crude organic extract of Shih on isolated from the saliva were examined by taking with culture media only (-ve control); treated with the antibiotic gentamicin (+ve control) and treated with Shih. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were Determination by Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) colorimetric assay Time-kill dynamic assay was performed using broth microdilution method. The metabolic reason behind the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect were studied by measuring the glucose utilization by the microbes, pH as a measure of acid production, nucleic acids quantitation to check the DNA status and inhibition of water-insoluble glucan synthesis were undertaken. Shih MIC for was at 2.5 mg/ml and MBC was 4 mg/ml. bacterial population started reclining within 60 min of incubation with Shih at MBC. Utilization of added glucose was very high at MIC due to bacteria overcoming the stress, whereas at MBC its utilization was less. Accordingly pH also became acidic to 2.9 with MIC and 4.03 with MBC. There was a great degree of inhibition in the formation of nucleic acids indicating this crude extract interferes with DNA replication. Inhibition of glucan synthesis was to the tune of 45% as compared to control. Thus we conclude that Shih has potentially effective antibacterial activity hence it can be proposed as a potentially effective antiplaque and anticariogenic agent in the form of mouth wash or gum paint. However, the cytotoxicity of the extract needs to be evaluated in in-vitro and in-vivo conditions before it is considered as a safe antiplaque and anticariogenic agent.

Xylityl Sesquicaprylate Efficacy as an Antiseptic Ingredient for Oral Care Products (Mouthwash): An In Vitro Screening Investigation against Eight Microorganisms

“…Dental caries and periodontal diseases are initiated by dental plaque (as bacterial communities), with Streptococcus mutans acting as one of the causative agents. To inhibit the growth of the oral pathogenic bacteria, the oral care products containing antiseptics (chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, and triclosan, among others) are highly recommended; nonetheless, some side effects of such actives are a concern, such as teeth discoloration or staining and taste perception [2,3]. The marketing of triclosan in bacterial soaps, for instance, was banned by the Food and Drug Administration, since there was an increasing concern about its presence in the environment and its impacts on the health of beings [4].…”

Standardization of in-vitro methods for determination of antimicrobial properties of essential oils

“…The well with no change in color was taken as MIC. To determine MBC, 50 μl aliquots from the lowest concentration exhibiting growth inhibition, was added to 150 μl of the broth and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. MBC was determined by incubating 150 μlof the broth with 50 μl aliquots from the lowest MIC concentration upwards at 37°C for 48 h. The lowest extract concentration inhibiting color change upon the addition of INT was taken as MBC [30]. The MIC and MBC of the ethanolic extract of Curcuma xanthorrhiza were determined against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, using microdilution and disc diffusion methods respectively.…”

“…Usually, such studies should be performed in three triple repetitions, and then the results should be interpreted using the appropriate formula. Broth dilution method can be used to perform the time-kill dynamic assay [30]. Synergic interactions, inhibition of biofilm formation, using nanoparticles, and determination of chemical combination can also be useful in such research.…”

“…25 ml suspensions of each dilution was cultured on the MHA for 24 h at 378C. The CFU/ml was plotted against time to build the time-kill curves [30]. Antifungal and anti-inflammatory doses of Artemisia herba-alba oil were not detrimental on various mammalian cell types [40].…”

Bioactive Constituents and Toxicological Evaluation of Selected Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants of Saudi Arabia

“…Compositae/ Asteraceae Aerial parts Farasan Island of Red Sea [40] 72% plasma glucose levels decreased in albino mice by ethyl alcohol extract of Artemisia herbaalba [41] 3. Cichorium intybus Asteraceae Seeds Qassim region [42] C. intybus leaf powder, ethanol, aqueous seed extracts, and hexane extracts led to a decrease in blood glucose levels to near normal value.…”